forked from mirror/gin
1353 lines
33 KiB
Markdown
1353 lines
33 KiB
Markdown
# Gin Web Framework
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<img align="right" width="159px" src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/logo/master/color.png">
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[](https://travis-ci.org/gin-gonic/gin)
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[](https://codecov.io/gh/gin-gonic/gin)
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[](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/gin-gonic/gin)
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[](https://godoc.org/github.com/gin-gonic/gin)
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[](https://gitter.im/gin-gonic/gin?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
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Gin is a web framework written in Go (Golang). It features a martini-like API with much better performance, up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin.
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```sh
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# assume the following codes in example.go file
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$ cat example.go
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```
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```go
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package main
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import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
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func main() {
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r := gin.Default()
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r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.JSON(200, gin.H{
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"message": "pong",
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})
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})
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r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
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}
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```
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```
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# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping on browser
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$ go run example.go
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```
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## Benchmarks
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Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter)
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[See all benchmarks](/BENCHMARKS.md)
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Benchmark name | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4)
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--------------------------------------------|-----------:|------------:|-----------:|---------:
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**BenchmarkGin_GithubAll** | **30000** | **48375** | **0** | **0**
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BenchmarkAce_GithubAll | 10000 | 134059 | 13792 | 167
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BenchmarkBear_GithubAll | 5000 | 534445 | 86448 | 943
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BenchmarkBeego_GithubAll | 3000 | 592444 | 74705 | 812
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BenchmarkBone_GithubAll | 200 | 6957308 | 698784 | 8453
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BenchmarkDenco_GithubAll | 10000 | 158819 | 20224 | 167
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BenchmarkEcho_GithubAll | 10000 | 154700 | 6496 | 203
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BenchmarkGocraftWeb_GithubAll | 3000 | 570806 | 131656 | 1686
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BenchmarkGoji_GithubAll | 2000 | 818034 | 56112 | 334
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BenchmarkGojiv2_GithubAll | 2000 | 1213973 | 274768 | 3712
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BenchmarkGoJsonRest_GithubAll | 2000 | 785796 | 134371 | 2737
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BenchmarkGoRestful_GithubAll | 300 | 5238188 | 689672 | 4519
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BenchmarkGorillaMux_GithubAll | 100 | 10257726 | 211840 | 2272
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BenchmarkHttpRouter_GithubAll | 20000 | 105414 | 13792 | 167
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BenchmarkHttpTreeMux_GithubAll | 10000 | 319934 | 65856 | 671
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BenchmarkKocha_GithubAll | 10000 | 209442 | 23304 | 843
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BenchmarkLARS_GithubAll | 20000 | 62565 | 0 | 0
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BenchmarkMacaron_GithubAll | 2000 | 1161270 | 204194 | 2000
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BenchmarkMartini_GithubAll | 200 | 9991713 | 226549 | 2325
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BenchmarkPat_GithubAll | 200 | 5590793 | 1499568 | 27435
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BenchmarkPossum_GithubAll | 10000 | 319768 | 84448 | 609
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BenchmarkR2router_GithubAll | 10000 | 305134 | 77328 | 979
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BenchmarkRivet_GithubAll | 10000 | 132134 | 16272 | 167
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BenchmarkTango_GithubAll | 3000 | 552754 | 63826 | 1618
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BenchmarkTigerTonic_GithubAll | 1000 | 1439483 | 239104 | 5374
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BenchmarkTraffic_GithubAll | 100 | 11383067 | 2659329 | 21848
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BenchmarkVulcan_GithubAll | 5000 | 394253 | 19894 | 609
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- (1): Total Repetitions achieved in constant time, higher means more confident result
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- (2): Single Repetition Duration (ns/op), lower is better
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- (3): Heap Memory (B/op), lower is better
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- (4): Average Allocations per Repetition (allocs/op), lower is better
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## Gin v1. stable
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- [x] Zero allocation router.
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- [x] Still the fastest http router and framework. From routing to writing.
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- [x] Complete suite of unit tests
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- [x] Battle tested
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- [x] API frozen, new releases will not break your code.
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## Start using it
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1. Download and install it:
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```sh
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$ go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin
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```
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2. Import it in your code:
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```go
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import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
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```
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3. (Optional) Import `net/http`. This is required for example if using constants such as `http.StatusOK`.
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```go
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import "net/http"
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```
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### Use a vendor tool like [Govendor](https://github.com/kardianos/govendor)
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1. `go get` govendor
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```sh
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$ go get github.com/kardianos/govendor
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```
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2. Create your project folder and `cd` inside
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```sh
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$ mkdir -p ~/go/src/github.com/myusername/project && cd "$_"
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```
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3. Vendor init your project and add gin
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```sh
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$ govendor init
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$ govendor fetch github.com/gin-gonic/gin@v1.2
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```
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4. Copy a starting template inside your project
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```sh
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$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/gin/master/examples/basic/main.go > main.go
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```
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5. Run your project
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```sh
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$ go run main.go
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```
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## Build with [jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go)
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Gin use `encoding/json` as default json package but you can change to [jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go) by build from other tags.
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```sh
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$ go build -tags=jsoniter .
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```
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## API Examples
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### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS
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```go
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func main() {
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// Disable Console Color
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// gin.DisableConsoleColor()
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// Creates a gin router with default middleware:
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// logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
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router := gin.Default()
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router.GET("/someGet", getting)
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router.POST("/somePost", posting)
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router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
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router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
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router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
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router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
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router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
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// By default it serves on :8080 unless a
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// PORT environment variable was defined.
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router.Run()
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// router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
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}
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```
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### Parameters in path
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// This handler will match /user/john but will not match neither /user/ or /user
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router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
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name := c.Param("name")
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c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
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})
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// However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
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// If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
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router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
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name := c.Param("name")
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action := c.Param("action")
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message := name + " is " + action
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c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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### Querystring parameters
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
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// The request responds to a url matching: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
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router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
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firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
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lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")
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c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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### Multipart/Urlencoded Form
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
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message := c.PostForm("message")
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nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
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c.JSON(200, gin.H{
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"status": "posted",
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"message": message,
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"nick": nick,
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})
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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### Another example: query + post form
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```
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POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
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Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
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name=manu&message=this_is_great
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```
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
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id := c.Query("id")
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page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
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name := c.PostForm("name")
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message := c.PostForm("message")
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fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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```
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id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great
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```
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### Upload files
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#### Single file
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References issue [#774](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/774) and detail [example code](examples/upload-file/single).
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
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// router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
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router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
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// single file
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file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
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log.Println(file.Filename)
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// Upload the file to specific dst.
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// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
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c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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How to `curl`:
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```bash
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curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
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-F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \
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-H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
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```
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#### Multiple files
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See the detail [example code](examples/upload-file/multiple).
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// Set a lower memory limit for multipart forms (default is 32 MiB)
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// router.MaxMultipartMemory = 8 << 20 // 8 MiB
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router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
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// Multipart form
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form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
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files := form.File["upload[]"]
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for _, file := range files {
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log.Println(file.Filename)
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// Upload the file to specific dst.
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// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
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}
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c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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How to `curl`:
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```bash
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curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
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-F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \
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-F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \
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-H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
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```
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### Grouping routes
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// Simple group: v1
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v1 := router.Group("/v1")
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{
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v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
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v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
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v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
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}
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// Simple group: v2
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v2 := router.Group("/v2")
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{
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v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
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v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
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v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
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}
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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### Blank Gin without middleware by default
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Use
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```go
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r := gin.New()
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```
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instead of
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```go
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// Default With the Logger and Recovery middleware already attached
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r := gin.Default()
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```
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### Using middleware
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```go
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func main() {
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// Creates a router without any middleware by default
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r := gin.New()
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// Global middleware
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// Logger middleware will write the logs to gin.DefaultWriter even you set with GIN_MODE=release.
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// By default gin.DefaultWriter = os.Stdout
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r.Use(gin.Logger())
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// Recovery middleware recovers from any panics and writes a 500 if there was one.
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r.Use(gin.Recovery())
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// Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
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r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
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// Authorization group
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// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
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// exactly the same as:
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authorized := r.Group("/")
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// per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
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// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
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authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
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{
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authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
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authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
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authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
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// nested group
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testing := authorized.Group("testing")
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testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
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}
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// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
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r.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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### How to write log file
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```go
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func main() {
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// Disable Console Color, you don't need console color when writing the logs to file.
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gin.DisableConsoleColor()
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// Logging to a file.
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f, _ := os.Create("gin.log")
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gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f)
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// Use the following code if you need to write the logs to file and console at the same time.
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// gin.DefaultWriter = io.MultiWriter(f, os.Stdout)
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router := gin.Default()
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router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.String(200, "pong")
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})
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r.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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### Model binding and validation
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To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).
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Gin uses [**go-playground/validator.v8**](https://github.com/go-playground/validator) for validation. Check the full docs on tags usage [here](http://godoc.org/gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v8#hdr-Baked_In_Validators_and_Tags).
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Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set `json:"fieldname"`.
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Also, Gin provides two sets of methods for binding:
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- **Type** - Must bind
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- **Methods** - `Bind`, `BindJSON`, `BindQuery`
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- **Behavior** - These methods use `MustBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the request is aborted with `c.AbortWithError(400, err).SetType(ErrorTypeBind)`. This sets the response status code to 400 and the `Content-Type` header is set to `text/plain; charset=utf-8`. Note that if you try to set the response code after this, it will result in a warning `[GIN-debug] [WARNING] Headers were already written. Wanted to override status code 400 with 422`. If you wish to have greater control over the behavior, consider using the `ShouldBind` equivalent method.
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- **Type** - Should bind
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- **Methods** - `ShouldBind`, `ShouldBindJSON`, `ShouldBindQuery`
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- **Behavior** - These methods use `ShouldBindWith` under the hood. If there is a binding error, the error is returned and it is the developer's responsibility to handle the request and error appropriately.
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When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use `MustBindWith` or `ShouldBindWith`.
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You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with `binding:"required"` and has a empty value when binding, an error will be returned.
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```go
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// Binding from JSON
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type Login struct {
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User string `form:"user" json:"user" binding:"required"`
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Password string `form:"password" json:"password" binding:"required"`
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}
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
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router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
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var json Login
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if err = c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err == nil {
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if json.User == "manu" && json.Password == "123" {
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c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
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} else {
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c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
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}
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} else {
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c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
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}
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})
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// Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
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router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
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var form Login
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// This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
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if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err == nil {
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if form.User == "manu" && form.Password == "123" {
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c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
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} else {
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c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
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}
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} else {
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c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
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}
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})
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// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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**Sample request**
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```shell
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$ curl -v -X POST \
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http://localhost:8080/loginJSON \
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-H 'content-type: application/json' \
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-d '{ "user": "manu" }'
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> POST /loginJSON HTTP/1.1
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> Host: localhost:8080
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> User-Agent: curl/7.51.0
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> Accept: */*
|
|
> content-type: application/json
|
|
> Content-Length: 18
|
|
>
|
|
* upload completely sent off: 18 out of 18 bytes
|
|
< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
|
|
< Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8
|
|
< Date: Fri, 04 Aug 2017 03:51:31 GMT
|
|
< Content-Length: 100
|
|
<
|
|
{"error":"Key: 'Login.Password' Error:Field validation for 'Password' failed on the 'required' tag"}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Custom Validators
|
|
|
|
It is also possible to register custom validators. See the [example code](examples/custom-validation/server.go).
|
|
|
|
[embedmd]:# (examples/custom-validation/server.go go)
|
|
```go
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"net/http"
|
|
"reflect"
|
|
"time"
|
|
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
|
|
validator "gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v8"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
type Booking struct {
|
|
CheckIn time.Time `form:"check_in" binding:"required,bookabledate" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
|
|
CheckOut time.Time `form:"check_out" binding:"required,gtfield=CheckIn" time_format:"2006-01-02"`
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func bookableDate(
|
|
v *validator.Validate, topStruct reflect.Value, currentStructOrField reflect.Value,
|
|
field reflect.Value, fieldType reflect.Type, fieldKind reflect.Kind, param string,
|
|
) bool {
|
|
if date, ok := field.Interface().(time.Time); ok {
|
|
today := time.Now()
|
|
if today.Year() > date.Year() || today.YearDay() > date.YearDay() {
|
|
return false
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
return true
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
route := gin.Default()
|
|
binding.Validator.RegisterValidation("bookabledate", bookableDate)
|
|
route.GET("/bookable", getBookable)
|
|
route.Run(":8085")
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func getBookable(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
var b Booking
|
|
if err := c.ShouldBindWith(&b, binding.Query); err == nil {
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "Booking dates are valid!"})
|
|
} else {
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```console
|
|
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2017-08-16&check_out=2017-08-17"
|
|
{"message":"Booking dates are valid!"}
|
|
|
|
$ curl "localhost:8085/bookable?check_in=2017-08-15&check_out=2017-08-16"
|
|
{"error":"Key: 'Booking.CheckIn' Error:Field validation for 'CheckIn' failed on the 'bookabledate' tag"}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Only Bind Query String
|
|
|
|
`ShouldBindQuery` function only binds the query params and not the post data. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-315953017).
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"log"
|
|
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
type Person struct {
|
|
Name string `form:"name"`
|
|
Address string `form:"address"`
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
route := gin.Default()
|
|
route.Any("/testing", startPage)
|
|
route.Run(":8085")
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
var person Person
|
|
if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {
|
|
log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
|
|
log.Println(person.Name)
|
|
log.Println(person.Address)
|
|
}
|
|
c.String(200, "Success")
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Bind Query String or Post Data
|
|
|
|
See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-264681292).
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import "log"
|
|
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
|
import "time"
|
|
|
|
type Person struct {
|
|
Name string `form:"name"`
|
|
Address string `form:"address"`
|
|
Birthday time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
route := gin.Default()
|
|
route.GET("/testing", startPage)
|
|
route.Run(":8085")
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
var person Person
|
|
// If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
|
|
// If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
|
|
// See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L48
|
|
if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {
|
|
log.Println(person.Name)
|
|
log.Println(person.Address)
|
|
log.Println(person.Birthday)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
c.String(200, "Success")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Test it with:
|
|
```sh
|
|
$ curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Bind HTML checkboxes
|
|
|
|
See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/129#issuecomment-124260092)
|
|
|
|
main.go
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
type myForm struct {
|
|
Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
var fakeForm myForm
|
|
c.ShouldBind(&fakeForm)
|
|
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
form.html
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
<form action="/" method="POST">
|
|
<p>Check some colors</p>
|
|
<label for="red">Red</label>
|
|
<input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="red" id="red" />
|
|
<label for="green">Green</label>
|
|
<input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="green" id="green" />
|
|
<label for="blue">Blue</label>
|
|
<input type="checkbox" name="colors[]" value="blue" id="blue" />
|
|
<input type="submit" />
|
|
</form>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
result:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
{"color":["red","green","blue"]}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Multipart/Urlencoded binding
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
type LoginForm struct {
|
|
User string `form:"user" binding:"required"`
|
|
Password string `form:"password" binding:"required"`
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
router.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
// you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
|
|
// c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
|
|
// or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:
|
|
var form LoginForm
|
|
// in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
|
|
if c.ShouldBind(&form) == nil {
|
|
if form.User == "user" && form.Password == "password" {
|
|
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
|
|
} else {
|
|
c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
})
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Test it with:
|
|
```sh
|
|
$ curl -v --form user=user --form password=password http://localhost:8080/login
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### XML, JSON and YAML rendering
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
// gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
|
|
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
// You also can use a struct
|
|
var msg struct {
|
|
Name string `json:"user"`
|
|
Message string
|
|
Number int
|
|
}
|
|
msg.Name = "Lena"
|
|
msg.Message = "hey"
|
|
msg.Number = 123
|
|
// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
|
|
// Will output : {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
r.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### SecureJSON
|
|
|
|
Using SecureJSON to prevent json hijacking. Default prepends `"while(1),"` to response body if the given struct is array values.
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
// You can also use your own secure json prefix
|
|
// r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}
|
|
|
|
// Will output : while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
|
|
c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
r.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Serving static files
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
|
|
router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
|
|
router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
|
|
|
|
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### HTML rendering
|
|
|
|
Using LoadHTMLGlob() or LoadHTMLFiles()
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
|
|
//router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
|
|
router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
|
|
"title": "Main website",
|
|
})
|
|
})
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
templates/index.tmpl
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
<html>
|
|
<h1>
|
|
{{ .title }}
|
|
</h1>
|
|
</html>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Using templates with same name in different directories
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/**/*")
|
|
router.GET("/posts/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "posts/index.tmpl", gin.H{
|
|
"title": "Posts",
|
|
})
|
|
})
|
|
router.GET("/users/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "users/index.tmpl", gin.H{
|
|
"title": "Users",
|
|
})
|
|
})
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
templates/posts/index.tmpl
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
{{ define "posts/index.tmpl" }}
|
|
<html><h1>
|
|
{{ .title }}
|
|
</h1>
|
|
<p>Using posts/index.tmpl</p>
|
|
</html>
|
|
{{ end }}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
templates/users/index.tmpl
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
{{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}
|
|
<html><h1>
|
|
{{ .title }}
|
|
</h1>
|
|
<p>Using users/index.tmpl</p>
|
|
</html>
|
|
{{ end }}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Custom Template renderer
|
|
|
|
You can also use your own html template render
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
import "html/template"
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
|
|
router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Custom Delimiters
|
|
|
|
You may use custom delims
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|
r.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
|
|
r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates"))
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Custom Template Funcs
|
|
|
|
See the detail [example code](examples/template).
|
|
|
|
main.go
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
import (
|
|
"fmt"
|
|
"html/template"
|
|
"net/http"
|
|
"time"
|
|
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string {
|
|
year, month, day := t.Date()
|
|
return fmt.Sprintf("%d%02d/%02d", year, month, day)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
router.Delims("{[{", "}]}")
|
|
router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{
|
|
"formatAsDate": formatAsDate,
|
|
})
|
|
router.LoadHTMLFiles("./fixtures/basic/raw.tmpl")
|
|
|
|
router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", map[string]interface{}{
|
|
"now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC),
|
|
})
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
raw.tmpl
|
|
|
|
```html
|
|
Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Result:
|
|
```
|
|
Date: 2017/07/01
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Multitemplate
|
|
|
|
Gin allow by default use only one html.Template. Check [a multitemplate render](https://github.com/gin-contrib/multitemplate) for using features like go 1.6 `block template`.
|
|
|
|
### Redirects
|
|
|
|
Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy:
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
|
|
})
|
|
```
|
|
Both internal and external locations are supported.
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Custom Middleware
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
|
|
return func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
t := time.Now()
|
|
|
|
// Set example variable
|
|
c.Set("example", "12345")
|
|
|
|
// before request
|
|
|
|
c.Next()
|
|
|
|
// after request
|
|
latency := time.Since(t)
|
|
log.Print(latency)
|
|
|
|
// access the status we are sending
|
|
status := c.Writer.Status()
|
|
log.Println(status)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
r := gin.New()
|
|
r.Use(Logger())
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
|
|
|
|
// it would print: "12345"
|
|
log.Println(example)
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
r.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Using BasicAuth() middleware
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
// simulate some private data
|
|
var secrets = gin.H{
|
|
"foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
|
|
"austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
|
|
"lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
// Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
|
|
// gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
|
|
authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
|
|
"foo": "bar",
|
|
"austin": "1234",
|
|
"lena": "hello2",
|
|
"manu": "4321",
|
|
}))
|
|
|
|
// /admin/secrets endpoint
|
|
// hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
|
|
authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
// get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware
|
|
user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
|
|
if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
|
|
} else {
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
|
|
}
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
r.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Goroutines inside a middleware
|
|
|
|
When starting inside a middleware or handler, you **SHOULD NOT** use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy.
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
// create copy to be used inside the goroutine
|
|
cCp := c.Copy()
|
|
go func() {
|
|
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
|
|
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
|
|
|
|
// note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT
|
|
log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path)
|
|
}()
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
|
|
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
|
|
|
|
// since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
|
|
log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
r.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Custom HTTP configuration
|
|
|
|
Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this:
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
s := &http.Server{
|
|
Addr: ":8080",
|
|
Handler: router,
|
|
ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
|
|
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
|
|
MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
|
|
}
|
|
s.ListenAndServe()
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Support Let's Encrypt
|
|
|
|
example for 1-line LetsEncrypt HTTPS servers.
|
|
|
|
[embedmd]:# (examples/auto-tls/example1.go go)
|
|
```go
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"log"
|
|
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
// Ping handler
|
|
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.String(200, "pong")
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com"))
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
example for custom autocert manager.
|
|
|
|
[embedmd]:# (examples/auto-tls/example2.go go)
|
|
```go
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"log"
|
|
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/autotls"
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
|
"golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
// Ping handler
|
|
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.String(200, "pong")
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
m := autocert.Manager{
|
|
Prompt: autocert.AcceptTOS,
|
|
HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"),
|
|
Cache: autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"),
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m))
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Run multiple service using Gin
|
|
|
|
See the [question](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/346) and try the folling example:
|
|
|
|
[embedmd]:# (examples/multiple-service/main.go go)
|
|
```go
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"log"
|
|
"net/http"
|
|
"time"
|
|
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
|
"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
var (
|
|
g errgroup.Group
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
func router01() http.Handler {
|
|
e := gin.New()
|
|
e.Use(gin.Recovery())
|
|
e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.JSON(
|
|
http.StatusOK,
|
|
gin.H{
|
|
"code": http.StatusOK,
|
|
"error": "Welcome server 01",
|
|
},
|
|
)
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
return e
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func router02() http.Handler {
|
|
e := gin.New()
|
|
e.Use(gin.Recovery())
|
|
e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.JSON(
|
|
http.StatusOK,
|
|
gin.H{
|
|
"code": http.StatusOK,
|
|
"error": "Welcome server 02",
|
|
},
|
|
)
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
return e
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
server01 := &http.Server{
|
|
Addr: ":8080",
|
|
Handler: router01(),
|
|
ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
|
|
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
server02 := &http.Server{
|
|
Addr: ":8081",
|
|
Handler: router02(),
|
|
ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second,
|
|
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
g.Go(func() error {
|
|
return server01.ListenAndServe()
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
g.Go(func() error {
|
|
return server02.ListenAndServe()
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
|
|
log.Fatal(err)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Graceful restart or stop
|
|
|
|
Do you want to graceful restart or stop your web server?
|
|
There are some ways this can be done.
|
|
|
|
We can use [fvbock/endless](https://github.com/fvbock/endless) to replace the default `ListenAndServe`. Refer issue [#296](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/296) for more details.
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
router.GET("/", handler)
|
|
// [...]
|
|
endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
An alternative to endless:
|
|
|
|
* [manners](https://github.com/braintree/manners): A polite Go HTTP server that shuts down gracefully.
|
|
* [graceful](https://github.com/tylerb/graceful): Graceful is a Go package enabling graceful shutdown of an http.Handler server.
|
|
* [grace](https://github.com/facebookgo/grace): Graceful restart & zero downtime deploy for Go servers.
|
|
|
|
If you are using Go 1.8, you may not need to use this library! Consider using http.Server's built-in [Shutdown()](https://golang.org/pkg/net/http/#Server.Shutdown) method for graceful shutdowns. See the full [graceful-shutdown](./examples/graceful-shutdown) example with gin.
|
|
|
|
[embedmd]:# (examples/graceful-shutdown/graceful-shutdown/server.go go)
|
|
```go
|
|
// +build go1.8
|
|
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"context"
|
|
"log"
|
|
"net/http"
|
|
"os"
|
|
"os/signal"
|
|
"time"
|
|
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
|
|
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server")
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
srv := &http.Server{
|
|
Addr: ":8080",
|
|
Handler: router,
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
go func() {
|
|
// service connections
|
|
if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil {
|
|
log.Printf("listen: %s\n", err)
|
|
}
|
|
}()
|
|
|
|
// Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with
|
|
// a timeout of 5 seconds.
|
|
quit := make(chan os.Signal)
|
|
signal.Notify(quit, os.Interrupt)
|
|
<-quit
|
|
log.Println("Shutdown Server ...")
|
|
|
|
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
|
|
defer cancel()
|
|
if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
|
|
log.Fatal("Server Shutdown:", err)
|
|
}
|
|
log.Println("Server exiting")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Users [](https://sourcegraph.com/github.com/gin-gonic/gin?badge)
|
|
|
|
Awesome project lists using [Gin](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin) web framework.
|
|
|
|
* [drone](https://github.com/drone/drone): Drone is a Continuous Delivery platform built on Docker, written in Go
|
|
* [gorush](https://github.com/appleboy/gorush): A push notification server written in Go.
|