forked from mirror/gin
602 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
602 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
#Gin Web Framework [](https://travis-ci.org/gin-gonic/gin) [](https://coveralls.io/r/gin-gonic/gin?branch=master)
|
|
|
|
[](https://godoc.org/github.com/gin-gonic/gin) [](https://gitter.im/gin-gonic/gin?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
|
|
|
|
Gin is a web framework written in Golang. It features a martini-like API with much better performance, up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
$ cat test.go
|
|
```
|
|
```go
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.String(200, "pong")
|
|
})
|
|
r.Run(":8080") // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Benchmarks
|
|
|
|
Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter)
|
|
|
|
[See all benchmarks](/BENCHMARKS.md)
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
BenchmarkAce_GithubAll 10000 109482 ns/op 13792 B/op 167 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkBear_GithubAll 10000 287490 ns/op 79952 B/op 943 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkBeego_GithubAll 3000 562184 ns/op 146272 B/op 2092 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkBone_GithubAll 500 2578716 ns/op 648016 B/op 8119 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkDenco_GithubAll 20000 94955 ns/op 20224 B/op 167 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkEcho_GithubAll 30000 58705 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkGin_GithubAll 30000 50991 ns/op 0 B/op 0 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkGocraftWeb_GithubAll 5000 449648 ns/op 133280 B/op 1889 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkGoji_GithubAll 2000 689748 ns/op 56113 B/op 334 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkGoJsonRest_GithubAll 5000 537769 ns/op 135995 B/op 2940 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkGoRestful_GithubAll 100 18410628 ns/op 797236 B/op 7725 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkGorillaMux_GithubAll 200 8036360 ns/op 153137 B/op 1791 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkHttpRouter_GithubAll 20000 63506 ns/op 13792 B/op 167 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkHttpTreeMux_GithubAll 10000 165927 ns/op 56112 B/op 334 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkKocha_GithubAll 10000 171362 ns/op 23304 B/op 843 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkMacaron_GithubAll 2000 817008 ns/op 224960 B/op 2315 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkMartini_GithubAll 100 12609209 ns/op 237952 B/op 2686 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkPat_GithubAll 300 4830398 ns/op 1504101 B/op 32222 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkPossum_GithubAll 10000 301716 ns/op 97440 B/op 812 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkR2router_GithubAll 10000 270691 ns/op 77328 B/op 1182 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkRevel_GithubAll 1000 1491919 ns/op 345553 B/op 5918 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkRivet_GithubAll 10000 283860 ns/op 84272 B/op 1079 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkTango_GithubAll 5000 473821 ns/op 87078 B/op 2470 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkTigerTonic_GithubAll 2000 1120131 ns/op 241088 B/op 6052 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkTraffic_GithubAll 200 8708979 ns/op 2664762 B/op 22390 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkVulcan_GithubAll 5000 353392 ns/op 19894 B/op 609 allocs/op
|
|
BenchmarkZeus_GithubAll 2000 944234 ns/op 300688 B/op 2648 allocs/op
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
##Gin v1. stable
|
|
|
|
- [x] Zero allocation router.
|
|
- [x] Still the fastest http router and framework. From routing to writing.
|
|
- [x] Complete suite of unit tests
|
|
- [x] Battle tested
|
|
- [x] API frozen, new releases will not break your code.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Start using it
|
|
1. Download and install it:
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin
|
|
```
|
|
2. Import it in your code:
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
##API Examples
|
|
|
|
#### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
// Creates a gin router with default middlewares:
|
|
// logger and recovery (crash-free) middlewares
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
router.GET("/someGet", getting)
|
|
router.POST("/somePost", posting)
|
|
router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
|
|
router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
|
|
router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
|
|
router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
|
|
router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
|
|
|
|
// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Parameters in path
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
// This handler will match /user/john but will not match neither /user/ or /user
|
|
router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
name := c.Param("name")
|
|
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
|
|
// If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/join/
|
|
router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
name := c.Param("name")
|
|
action := c.Param("action")
|
|
message := name + " is " + action
|
|
c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Querystring parameters
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
// Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
|
|
// The request responds to a url matching: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
|
|
router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
|
|
lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")
|
|
|
|
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
|
|
})
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Multipart/Urlencoded Form
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
message := c.PostForm("message")
|
|
nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
|
|
|
|
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
|
|
"status": "posted",
|
|
"message": message,
|
|
})
|
|
})
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Another example: query + post form
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
|
|
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
|
|
|
|
name=manu&message=this_is_great
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
id := c.Query("id")
|
|
page := c.DefaultQuery("id", "0")
|
|
name := c.PostForm("name")
|
|
message := c.PostForm("message")
|
|
|
|
fmt.Println("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
|
|
})
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
id: 1234; page: 0; name: manu; message: this_is_great
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Grouping routes
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
// Simple group: v1
|
|
v1 := router.Group("/v1")
|
|
{
|
|
v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
|
|
v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
|
|
v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Simple group: v2
|
|
v2 := router.Group("/v2")
|
|
{
|
|
v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
|
|
v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
|
|
v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Blank Gin without middlewares by default
|
|
|
|
Use
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
r := gin.New()
|
|
```
|
|
instead of
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Using middlewares
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
// Creates a router without any middleware by default
|
|
r := gin.New()
|
|
|
|
// Global middlewares
|
|
r.Use(gin.Logger())
|
|
r.Use(gin.Recovery())
|
|
|
|
// Per route middlewares, you can add as many as you desire.
|
|
r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
|
|
|
|
// Authorization group
|
|
// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
|
|
// exactly the same than:
|
|
authorized := r.Group("/")
|
|
// per group middlewares! in this case we use the custom created
|
|
// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
|
|
authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
|
|
{
|
|
authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
|
|
authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
|
|
authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
|
|
|
|
// nested group
|
|
testing := authorized.Group("testing")
|
|
testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
r.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Model binding and validation
|
|
|
|
To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).
|
|
|
|
Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set `json:"fieldname"`.
|
|
|
|
When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use BindWith.
|
|
|
|
You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with `binding:"required"` and has a empty value when binding, the current request will fail with an error.
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
// Binding from JSON
|
|
type Login struct {
|
|
User string `form:"user" json:"user" binding:"required"`
|
|
Password string `form:"password" json:"password" binding:"required"`
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
// Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
|
|
router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
var json Login
|
|
if c.BindJSON(&json) == nil {
|
|
if json.User == "manu" && json.Password == "123" {
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
|
|
} else {
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
|
|
router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
var form Login
|
|
// This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
|
|
if c.Bind(&form) == nil {
|
|
if form.User == "manu" && form.Password == "123" {
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
|
|
} else {
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
###Multipart/Urlencoded binding
|
|
```go
|
|
package main
|
|
|
|
import (
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
|
|
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
type LoginForm struct {
|
|
User string `form:"user" binding:"required"`
|
|
Password string `form:"password" binding:"required"`
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
router.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
// you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
|
|
// c.BindWith(&form, binding.Form)
|
|
// or you can simply use autobinding with Bind method:
|
|
var form LoginForm
|
|
// in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
|
|
if c.Bind(&form) == nil {
|
|
if form.User == "user" && form.Password == "password" {
|
|
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
|
|
} else {
|
|
c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
})
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Test it with:
|
|
```bash
|
|
$ curl -v --form user=user --form password=password http://localhost:8080/login
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### XML and JSON rendering
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
// gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
|
|
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
// You also can use a struct
|
|
var msg struct {
|
|
Name string `json:"user"`
|
|
Message string
|
|
Number int
|
|
}
|
|
msg.Name = "Lena"
|
|
msg.Message = "hey"
|
|
msg.Number = 123
|
|
// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
|
|
// Will output : {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
r.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
####Serving static files
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
|
|
router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
|
|
router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
|
|
|
|
// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
####HTML rendering
|
|
|
|
Using LoadHTMLTemplates()
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
|
|
//router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
|
|
router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
|
|
"title": "Main website",
|
|
})
|
|
})
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
```html
|
|
<html><h1>
|
|
{{ .title }}
|
|
</h1>
|
|
</html>
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You can also use your own html template render
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
import "html/template"
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
|
|
router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
|
|
router.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Redirects
|
|
|
|
Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy:
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
|
|
})
|
|
```
|
|
Both internal and external locations are supported.
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Custom Middlewares
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
|
|
return func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
t := time.Now()
|
|
|
|
// Set example variable
|
|
c.Set("example", "12345")
|
|
|
|
// before request
|
|
|
|
c.Next()
|
|
|
|
// after request
|
|
latency := time.Since(t)
|
|
log.Print(latency)
|
|
|
|
// access the status we are sending
|
|
status := c.Writer.Status()
|
|
log.Println(status)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
r := gin.New()
|
|
r.Use(Logger())
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
|
|
|
|
// it would print: "12345"
|
|
log.Println(example)
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
r.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Using BasicAuth() middleware
|
|
```go
|
|
// simulate some private data
|
|
var secrets = gin.H{
|
|
"foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
|
|
"austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
|
|
"lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
func main() {
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
// Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
|
|
// gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
|
|
authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
|
|
"foo": "bar",
|
|
"austin": "1234",
|
|
"lena": "hello2",
|
|
"manu": "4321",
|
|
}))
|
|
|
|
// /admin/secrets endpoint
|
|
// hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
|
|
authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
// get user, it was setted by the BasicAuth middleware
|
|
user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
|
|
if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
|
|
} else {
|
|
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
|
|
}
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
r.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Goroutines inside a middleware
|
|
When starting inside a middleware or handler, you **SHOULD NOT** use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy.
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
// create copy to be used inside the goroutine
|
|
c_cp := c.Copy()
|
|
go func() {
|
|
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
|
|
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
|
|
|
|
// note than you are using the copied context "c_cp", IMPORTANT
|
|
log.Println("Done! in path " + c_cp.Request.URL.Path)
|
|
}()
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
|
|
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
|
|
|
|
// since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
|
|
log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
r.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Custom HTTP configuration
|
|
|
|
Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this:
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
s := &http.Server{
|
|
Addr: ":8080",
|
|
Handler: router,
|
|
ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
|
|
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
|
|
MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
|
|
}
|
|
s.ListenAndServe()
|
|
}
|
|
```
|