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go-sqlite3

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Description

sqlite3 driver conforming to the built-in database/sql interface

Supported Golang version:

  • 1.8.x
  • 1.9.x
  • 1.10.x

Overview

Installation

This package can be installed with the go get command:

go get github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3

go-sqlite3 is cgo package. If you want to build your app using go-sqlite3, you need gcc. However, after you have built and installed go-sqlite3 with go install github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 (which requires gcc), you can build your app without relying on gcc in future.

Important: because this is a CGO enabled package you are required to set the environment variable CGO_ENABLED=1 and have a gcc compile present within your path.

API Reference

API documentation can be found here: http://godoc.org/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3

Examples can be found under the examples directory

Connection String

When creating a new SQLite database or connection to an existing one, with the file name additional options can be given. This is also known as a DSN string. (Data Source Name).

Options are append after the filename of the SQLite database. The database filename and options are seperated by an ? (Question Mark).

This also applies when using an in-memory database instead of a file.

Options can be given using the following format: KEYWORD=VALUE and multiple options can be combined with the & ampersand.

This library supports dsn options of SQLite itself and provides additional options.

Boolean values can be one of:

  • 0 no false off
  • 1 yes true on
Name Key Value(s) Description
Auto Vacuum _vacuum
  • 0 | none
  • 1 | full
  • 2 | incremental
 For more information see PRAGMA auto_vacuum
Busy Timeout _busy_timeout | _timeout int Specify value for sqlite3_busy_timeout. For more information see PRAGMA busy_timeout
Case Sensitive LIKE _cslike boolean For more information see PRAGMA case_sensitive_like
Defer Foreign Keys _defer_foreign_keys | _defer_fk boolean For more information see PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys
Foreign Keys _foreign_keys | _fk boolean For more information see PRAGMA foreign_keys
Ignore CHECK Constraints _ignore_check_constraints boolean For more information see PRAGMA ignore_check_constraints
Immutable immutable boolean For more information see Immutable
Journal Mode _journal
  • DELETE
  • TRUNCATE
  • PERSIST
  • MEMORY
  • WAL
  • OFF
 For more information see PRAGMA journal_mode
Locking Mode _locking
  • NORMAL
  • EXCLUSIVE
 For more information see PRAGMA locking_mode
Mode mode
  • ro
  • rw
  • rwc
  • memory
 Access Mode of the database. For more information see SQLite Open
Mutex Locking _mutex
  • no
  • full
 Specify mutex mode.
Recursive Triggers _recursive_triggers | _rt boolean For more information see PRAGMA recursive_triggers
Shared-Cache Mode cache
  • shared
  • private
 Set cache mode for more information see sqlite.org
Time Zone Location _loc auto Specify location of time format.
Transaction Lock _txlock
  • immediate
  • deferred
  • exclusive
 Specify locking behavior for transactions.

DSN Examples

file:test.db?cache=shared&mode=memory

Features

This package allows additional configuration of features available within SQLite3 to be enabled or disabled by golang build constraints also known as build tags.

Click here for more information about build tags / constraints.

Usage

If you wish to build this library with additional extensions / features. Use the following command.

go build --tags "<FEATURE>"

For available features see the extension list. When using multiple build tags, all the different tags should be space delimted.

Example:

go build --tags "icu json1 fts5 secure_delete"

Feature / Extension List

Extension Build Tag Description
Additional Statistics sqlite_stat4 This option adds additional logic to the ANALYZE command and to the query planner that can help SQLite to chose a better query plan under certain situations. The ANALYZE command is enhanced to collect histogram data from all columns of every index and store that data in the sqlite_stat4 table.

The query planner will then use the histogram data to help it make better index choices. The downside of this compile-time option is that it violates the query planner stability guarantee making it more difficult to ensure consistent performance in mass-produced applications.

SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 is an enhancement of SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3. STAT3 only recorded histogram data for the left-most column of each index whereas the STAT4 enhancement records histogram data from all columns of each index.

The SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3 compile-time option is a no-op and is ignored if the SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 compile-time option is used
Allow URI Authority sqlite_allow_uri_authority URI filenames normally throws an error if the authority section is not either empty or "localhost".

However, if SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_ALLOW_URI_AUTHORITY compile-time option, then the URI is converted into a Uniform Naming Convention (UNC) filename and passed down to the underlying operating system that way
App Armor sqlite_app_armor When defined, this C-preprocessor macro activates extra code that attempts to detect misuse of the SQLite API, such as passing in NULL pointers to required parameters or using objects after they have been destroyed.

App Armor is not available under Windows.
Disable Load Extensions sqlite_omit_load_extension Loading of external extensions is enabled by default.

To disable extension loading add the build tag sqlite_omit_load_extension.
Foreign Keys sqlite_foreign_keys This macro determines whether enforcement of foreign key constraints is enabled or disabled by default for new database connections.

Each database connection can always turn enforcement of foreign key constraints on and off and run-time using the foreign_keys pragma.

Enforcement of foreign key constraints is normally off by default, but if this compile-time parameter is set to 1, enforcement of foreign key constraints will be on by default
Full Auto Vacuum sqlite_vacuum_full Set the default auto vacuum to full
Incremental Auto Vacuum sqlite_vacuum_incr Set the default auto vacuum to incremental
Full Text Search Engine sqlite_fts5 When this option is defined in the amalgamation, versions 5 of the full-text search engine (fts5) is added to the build automatically
International Components for Unicode sqlite_icu This option causes the International Components for Unicode or "ICU" extension to SQLite to be added to the build
Introspect PRAGMAS sqlite_introspect This option adds some extra PRAGMA statements.
  • PRAGMA function_list
  • PRAGMA module_list
  • PRAGMA pragma_list
JSON SQL Functions sqlite_json When this option is defined in the amalgamation, the JSON SQL functions are added to the build automatically
Secure Delete sqlite_secure_delete This compile-time option changes the default setting of the secure_delete pragma.

When this option is not used, secure_delete defaults to off. When this option is present, secure_delete defaults to on.

The secure_delete setting causes deleted content to be overwritten with zeros. There is a small performance penalty since additional I/O must occur.

On the other hand, secure_delete can prevent fragments of sensitive information from lingering in unused parts of the database file after it has been deleted. See the documentation on the secure_delete pragma for additional information
Tracing / Debug sqlite_trace Activate trace functions

Compilation

This package requires CGO_ENABLED=1 ennvironment variable if not set by default, and the presence of the gcc compiler.

If you need to add additional CFLAGS or LDFLAGS to the build command, and do not want to modify this package. Then this can be achieved by using the CGO_CFLAGS and CGO_LDFLAGS environment variables.

Android

This package can be compiled for android. Compile with:

go build --tags "android"

For more information see #201

ARM

To compile for ARM use the following environment.

env CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc CXX=arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ \
    CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 \
    go build -v

Additional information:

Cross Compile

This library can be cross-compiled.

In some cases you are required to the CC environment variable with the cross compiler.

Additional information:

Google Cloud Platform

Building on GCP is not possible because Google Cloud Platform does not allow gcc` to be executed.

Please work only with compiled final binaries.

Linux

To compile this package on Linux you must install the development tools for your linux distribution.

To compile under linux use the build tag linux.

go build --tags "linux"

If you wish to link directly to libsqlite3 then you can use the libsqlite3 build tag.

go build --tags "libsqlite3 linux"

Alpine

When building in an alpine container run the following command before building.

apk add --update gcc musl-dev

Fedora

sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Development Libraries"

Ubuntu

sudo apt-get install build-essential

Mac OSX

OSX should have all the tools present to compile this package, if not install XCode this will add all the developers tools.

Required dependency

brew install sqlite3

For OSX there is an additional package install which is required if you whish to build the icu extension.

This additional package can be installed with homebrew.

brew upgrade icu4c

To compile for Mac OSX.

go build --tags "darwin"

If you wish to link directly to libsqlite3 then you can use the libsqlite3 build tag.

go build --tags "libsqlite3 darwin"

Additional information:

Windows

To compile this package on Windows OS you must have the gcc compiler installed.

  1. Install a Windows gcc toolchain.
  2. Add the bin folders to the Windows path if the installer did not do this by default.
  3. Open a terminal for the TDM-GCC toolchain, can be found in the Windows Start menu.
  4. Navigate to your project folder and run the go build ... command for this package.

For example the TDM-GCC Toolchain can be found here.

Errors

  • Compile error: can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC

    When receiving a compile time error referencing recompile with -FPIC then you are probably using a hardend system.

    You can copile the library on a hardend system with the following command.

    go build -ldflags '-extldflags=-fno-PIC'

    More details see #120

  • Can't build go-sqlite3 on windows 64bit.

    Probably, you are using go 1.0, go1.0 has a problem when it comes to compiling/linking on windows 64bit. See: #27

  • go get github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 throws compilation error.

    gcc throws: internal compiler error

    Remove the download repository from your disk and try re-install with:

    go install github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3

FAQ

  • Getting insert error while query is opened.

    You can pass some arguments into the connection string, for example, a URI. See: #39

  • Do you want to cross compile? mingw on Linux or Mac?

    See: #106 See also: http://www.limitlessfx.com/cross-compile-golang-app-for-windows-from-linux.html

  • Want to get time.Time with current locale

    Use _loc=auto in SQLite3 filename schema like file:foo.db?_loc=auto.

  • Can I use this in multiple routines concurrently?

    Yes for readonly. But, No for writable. See #50, #51, #209, #274.

  • Why is it racy if I use a sql.Open("sqlite3", ":memory:") database?

    Each connection to :memory: opens a brand new in-memory sql database, so if the stdlib's sql engine happens to open another connection and you've only specified ":memory:", that connection will see a brand new database. A workaround is to use "file::memory:?mode=memory&cache=shared". Every connection to this string will point to the same in-memory database. See #204 for more info.

  • Reading from database with large amount of goroutines fails on OSX.

    OS X limits OS-wide to not have more than 1000 files open simultaneously by default.

    For more information see #289

  • Trying to execure a . (dot) command throws an error.

    Error: Error: near ".": syntax error Dot command are part of SQLite3 CLI not of this library.

    You need to implement the feature or call the sqlite3 cli.

    More infomation see #305

License

MIT: http://mattn.mit-license.org/2012

sqlite3-binding.c, sqlite3-binding.h, sqlite3ext.h

The -binding suffix was added to avoid build failures under gccgo.

In this repository, those files are an amalgamation of code that was copied from SQLite3. The license of that code is the same as the license of SQLite3.

Author

Yasuhiro Matsumoto (a.k.a mattn)