Add withConn and set cmd errors more consistently

cluster.go

@@ -745,14 +745,22 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) ProcessContext(ctx context.Context, cmd Cmder) error {
 }
 
 func (c *ClusterClient) process(ctx context.Context, cmd Cmder) error {
+	err := c._process(ctx, cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		cmd.setErr(err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *ClusterClient) _process(ctx context.Context, cmd Cmder) error {
 	cmdInfo := c.cmdInfo(cmd.Name())
 	slot := c.cmdSlot(cmd)
 
 	var node *clusterNode
 	var ask bool
+	var lastErr error
 	for attempt := 0; attempt <= c.opt.MaxRedirects; attempt++ {
-		var err error
-
 		if attempt > 0 {
 			if err := internal.Sleep(ctx, c.retryBackoff(attempt)); err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -760,10 +768,10 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) process(ctx context.Context, cmd Cmder) error {
 		}
 
 		if node == nil {
+			var err error
 			node, err = c.cmdNode(cmdInfo, slot)
 			if err != nil {
-				cmd.setErr(err)
+				return err
-				break
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -771,23 +779,27 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) process(ctx context.Context, cmd Cmder) error {
 			pipe := node.Client.Pipeline()
 			_ = pipe.Process(NewCmd("ASKING"))
 			_ = pipe.Process(cmd)
-			_, err = pipe.ExecContext(ctx)
+			_, lastErr = pipe.ExecContext(ctx)
 			_ = pipe.Close()
 			ask = false
 		} else {
-			err = node.Client.ProcessContext(ctx, cmd)
+			lastErr = node.Client._process(ctx, cmd)
 		}
 
 		// If there is no error - we are done.
-		if err == nil {
+		if lastErr == nil {
-			break
+			return nil
 		}
-		if err != Nil {
+		if lastErr != Nil {
 			c.state.LazyReload()
 		}
+		if lastErr == pool.ErrClosed || isReadOnlyError(lastErr) {
+			node = nil
+			continue
+		}
 
 		// If slave is loading - pick another node.
-		if c.opt.ReadOnly && isLoadingError(err) {
+		if c.opt.ReadOnly && isLoadingError(lastErr) {
 			node.MarkAsFailing()
 			node = nil
 			continue
@@ -795,21 +807,17 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) process(ctx context.Context, cmd Cmder) error {
 
 		var moved bool
 		var addr string
-		moved, ask, addr = isMovedError(err)
+		moved, ask, addr = isMovedError(lastErr)
 		if moved || ask {
+			var err error
 			node, err = c.nodes.Get(addr)
 			if err != nil {
-				break
+				return err
 			}
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if err == pool.ErrClosed || isReadOnlyError(err) {
+		if isRetryableError(lastErr, cmd.readTimeout() == nil) {
-			node = nil
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if isRetryableError(err, cmd.readTimeout() == nil) {
 			// First retry the same node.
 			if attempt == 0 {
 				continue
@@ -821,10 +829,9 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) process(ctx context.Context, cmd Cmder) error {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		break
+		return lastErr
 	}
-
+	return lastErr
-	return cmd.Err()
 }
 
 // ForEachMaster concurrently calls the fn on each master node in the cluster.
@@ -1052,6 +1059,7 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) _processPipeline(ctx context.Context, cmds []Cmder) erro
 	for attempt := 0; attempt <= c.opt.MaxRedirects; attempt++ {
 		if attempt > 0 {
 			if err := internal.Sleep(ctx, c.retryBackoff(attempt)); err != nil {
+				setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
 				return err
 			}
 		}
@@ -1064,18 +1072,24 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) _processPipeline(ctx context.Context, cmds []Cmder) erro
 			go func(node *clusterNode, cmds []Cmder) {
 				defer wg.Done()
 
-				cn, err := node.Client.getConn(ctx)
+				err := node.Client.withConn(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, cn *pool.Conn) error {
+					err := cn.WithWriter(ctx, c.opt.WriteTimeout, func(wr *proto.Writer) error {
+						return writeCmd(wr, cmds...)
+					})
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+
+					return cn.WithReader(ctx, c.opt.ReadTimeout, func(rd *proto.Reader) error {
+						return c.pipelineReadCmds(node, rd, cmds, failedCmds)
+					})
+				})
 				if err != nil {
-					if err == pool.ErrClosed {
+					err = c.mapCmdsByNode(cmds, failedCmds)
-						_ = c.mapCmdsByNode(cmds, failedCmds)
+					if err != nil {
-					} else {
 						setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
 					}
-					return
 				}
-
-				err = c.pipelineProcessCmds(ctx, node, cn, cmds, failedCmds)
-				node.Client.releaseConn(cn, err)
 			}(node, cmds)
 		}
 
@@ -1100,10 +1114,15 @@ func newCmdsMap() *cmdsMap {
 	}
 }
 
+func (m *cmdsMap) Add(node *clusterNode, cmds ...Cmder) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	m.m[node] = append(m.m[node], cmds...)
+	m.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
 func (c *ClusterClient) mapCmdsByNode(cmds []Cmder, cmdsMap *cmdsMap) error {
 	state, err := c.state.Get()
 	if err != nil {
-		setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -1122,10 +1141,7 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) mapCmdsByNode(cmds []Cmder, cmdsMap *cmdsMap) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-
+		cmdsMap.Add(node, cmd)
-		cmdsMap.mu.Lock()
-		cmdsMap.m[node] = append(cmdsMap.m[node], cmd)
-		cmdsMap.mu.Unlock()
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -1140,87 +1156,55 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) cmdsAreReadOnly(cmds []Cmder) bool {
 	return true
 }
 
-func (c *ClusterClient) pipelineProcessCmds(
-	ctx context.Context, node *clusterNode, cn *pool.Conn, cmds []Cmder, failedCmds *cmdsMap,
-) error {
-	err := cn.WithWriter(ctx, c.opt.WriteTimeout, func(wr *proto.Writer) error {
-		return writeCmd(wr, cmds...)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
-		failedCmds.mu.Lock()
-		failedCmds.m[node] = cmds
-		failedCmds.mu.Unlock()
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return cn.WithReader(ctx, c.opt.ReadTimeout, func(rd *proto.Reader) error {
-		return c.pipelineReadCmds(node, rd, cmds, failedCmds)
-	})
-}
-
 func (c *ClusterClient) pipelineReadCmds(
 	node *clusterNode, rd *proto.Reader, cmds []Cmder, failedCmds *cmdsMap,
 ) error {
-	var firstErr error
 	for _, cmd := range cmds {
 		err := cmd.readReply(rd)
 		if err == nil {
 			continue
 		}
-
 		if c.checkMovedErr(cmd, err, failedCmds) {
 			continue
 		}
 
 		if c.opt.ReadOnly && isLoadingError(err) {
 			node.MarkAsFailing()
-		} else if isRedisError(err) {
+			return err
+		}
+		if isRedisError(err) {
 			continue
 		}
-
+		return err
-		failedCmds.mu.Lock()
-		failedCmds.m[node] = append(failedCmds.m[node], cmd)
-		failedCmds.mu.Unlock()
-		if firstErr == nil {
-			firstErr = err
-		}
 	}
-	return firstErr
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (c *ClusterClient) checkMovedErr(
 	cmd Cmder, err error, failedCmds *cmdsMap,
 ) bool {
 	moved, ask, addr := isMovedError(err)
+	if !moved && !ask {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	node, err := c.nodes.Get(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
 
 	if moved {
 		c.state.LazyReload()
-
+		failedCmds.Add(node, cmd)
-		node, err := c.nodes.Get(addr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false
-		}
-
-		failedCmds.mu.Lock()
-		failedCmds.m[node] = append(failedCmds.m[node], cmd)
-		failedCmds.mu.Unlock()
 		return true
 	}
 
 	if ask {
-		node, err := c.nodes.Get(addr)
+		failedCmds.Add(node, NewCmd("ASKING"), cmd)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false
-		}
-
-		failedCmds.mu.Lock()
-		failedCmds.m[node] = append(failedCmds.m[node], NewCmd("ASKING"), cmd)
-		failedCmds.mu.Unlock()
 		return true
 	}
 
-	return false
+	panic("not reached")
 }
 
 // TxPipeline acts like Pipeline, but wraps queued commands with MULTI/EXEC.
@@ -1244,6 +1228,7 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) processTxPipeline(ctx context.Context, cmds []Cmder) err
 func (c *ClusterClient) _processTxPipeline(ctx context.Context, cmds []Cmder) error {
 	state, err := c.state.Get()
 	if err != nil {
+		setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -1254,11 +1239,12 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) _processTxPipeline(ctx context.Context, cmds []Cmder) er
 			setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
 			continue
 		}
-		cmdsMap := map[*clusterNode][]Cmder{node: cmds}
 
+		cmdsMap := map[*clusterNode][]Cmder{node: cmds}
 		for attempt := 0; attempt <= c.opt.MaxRedirects; attempt++ {
 			if attempt > 0 {
 				if err := internal.Sleep(ctx, c.retryBackoff(attempt)); err != nil {
+					setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
 					return err
 				}
 			}
@@ -1271,18 +1257,33 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) _processTxPipeline(ctx context.Context, cmds []Cmder) er
 				go func(node *clusterNode, cmds []Cmder) {
 					defer wg.Done()
 
-					cn, err := node.Client.getConn(ctx)
+					err := node.Client.withConn(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, cn *pool.Conn) error {
+						err := cn.WithWriter(ctx, c.opt.WriteTimeout, func(wr *proto.Writer) error {
+							return txPipelineWriteMulti(wr, cmds)
+						})
+						if err != nil {
+							return err
+						}
+
+						err = cn.WithReader(ctx, c.opt.ReadTimeout, func(rd *proto.Reader) error {
+							err := c.txPipelineReadQueued(rd, cmds, failedCmds)
+							if err != nil {
+								moved, ask, addr := isMovedError(err)
+								if moved || ask {
+									return c.cmdsMoved(cmds, moved, ask, addr, failedCmds)
+								}
+								return err
+							}
+							return pipelineReadCmds(rd, cmds)
+						})
+						return err
+					})
 					if err != nil {
-						if err == pool.ErrClosed {
+						err = c.mapCmdsByNode(cmds, failedCmds)
-							_ = c.mapCmdsByNode(cmds, failedCmds)
+						if err != nil {
-						} else {
 							setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
 						}
-						return
 					}
-
-					err = c.txPipelineProcessCmds(ctx, node, cn, cmds, failedCmds)
-					node.Client.releaseConn(cn, err)
 				}(node, cmds)
 			}
 
@@ -1306,31 +1307,6 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) mapCmdsBySlot(cmds []Cmder) map[int][]Cmder {
 	return cmdsMap
 }
 
-func (c *ClusterClient) txPipelineProcessCmds(
-	ctx context.Context, node *clusterNode, cn *pool.Conn, cmds []Cmder, failedCmds *cmdsMap,
-) error {
-	err := cn.WithWriter(ctx, c.opt.WriteTimeout, func(wr *proto.Writer) error {
-		return txPipelineWriteMulti(wr, cmds)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
-		failedCmds.mu.Lock()
-		failedCmds.m[node] = cmds
-		failedCmds.mu.Unlock()
-		return err
-	}
-
-	err = cn.WithReader(ctx, c.opt.ReadTimeout, func(rd *proto.Reader) error {
-		err := c.txPipelineReadQueued(rd, cmds, failedCmds)
-		if err != nil {
-			setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
-			return err
-		}
-		return pipelineReadCmds(rd, cmds)
-	})
-	return err
-}
-
 func (c *ClusterClient) txPipelineReadQueued(
 	rd *proto.Reader, cmds []Cmder, failedCmds *cmdsMap,
 ) error {
@@ -1342,14 +1318,9 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) txPipelineReadQueued(
 
 	for _, cmd := range cmds {
 		err := statusCmd.readReply(rd)
-		if err == nil {
+		if err == nil || c.checkMovedErr(cmd, err, failedCmds) || isRedisError(err) {
 			continue
 		}
-
-		if c.checkMovedErr(cmd, err, failedCmds) || isRedisError(err) {
-			continue
-		}
-
 		return err
 	}
 
@@ -1364,20 +1335,39 @@ func (c *ClusterClient) txPipelineReadQueued(
 
 	switch line[0] {
 	case proto.ErrorReply:
-		err := proto.ParseErrorReply(line)
+		return proto.ParseErrorReply(line)
-		for _, cmd := range cmds {
-			if !c.checkMovedErr(cmd, err, failedCmds) {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-		return err
 	case proto.ArrayReply:
 		// ok
 	default:
-		err := fmt.Errorf("redis: expected '*', but got line %q", line)
+		return fmt.Errorf("redis: expected '*', but got line %q", line)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *ClusterClient) cmdsMoved(
+	cmds []Cmder, moved, ask bool, addr string, failedCmds *cmdsMap,
+) error {
+	node, err := c.nodes.Get(addr)
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
+	if moved {
+		c.state.LazyReload()
+		for _, cmd := range cmds {
+			failedCmds.Add(node, cmd)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if ask {
+		for _, cmd := range cmds {
+			failedCmds.Add(node, NewCmd("ASKING"), cmd)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 

command.go

@@ -123,6 +123,10 @@ func (cmd *baseCmd) stringArg(pos int) string {
 	return s
 }
 
+func (cmd *baseCmd) setErr(e error) {
+	cmd.err = e
+}
+
 func (cmd *baseCmd) Err() error {
 	return cmd.err
 }
@@ -135,10 +139,6 @@ func (cmd *baseCmd) setReadTimeout(d time.Duration) {
 	cmd._readTimeout = &d
 }
 
-func (cmd *baseCmd) setErr(e error) {
-	cmd.err = e
-}
-
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 type Cmd struct {

redis.go

@@ -235,7 +235,32 @@ func (c *baseClient) releaseConn(cn *pool.Conn, err error) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (c *baseClient) withConn(
+	ctx context.Context, fn func(context.Context, *pool.Conn) error,
+) error {
+	cn, err := c.getConn(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		c.releaseConn(cn, err)
+	}()
+
+	err = fn(ctx, cn)
+	return err
+}
+
 func (c *baseClient) process(ctx context.Context, cmd Cmder) error {
+	err := c._process(ctx, cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		cmd.setErr(err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *baseClient) _process(ctx context.Context, cmd Cmder) error {
+	var lastErr error
 	for attempt := 0; attempt <= c.opt.MaxRetries; attempt++ {
 		if attempt > 0 {
 			if err := internal.Sleep(ctx, c.retryBackoff(attempt)); err != nil {
@@ -243,37 +268,29 @@ func (c *baseClient) process(ctx context.Context, cmd Cmder) error {
 			}
 		}
 
-		cn, err := c.getConn(ctx)
+		var retryTimeout bool
-		if err != nil {
+		lastErr = c.withConn(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, cn *pool.Conn) error {
-			cmd.setErr(err)
+			err := cn.WithWriter(ctx, c.opt.WriteTimeout, func(wr *proto.Writer) error {
-			if isRetryableError(err, true) {
+				return writeCmd(wr, cmd)
-				continue
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				retryTimeout = true
+				return err
 			}
-			return err
-		}
 
-		err = cn.WithWriter(ctx, c.opt.WriteTimeout, func(wr *proto.Writer) error {
+			err = cn.WithReader(ctx, c.cmdTimeout(cmd), cmd.readReply)
-			return writeCmd(wr, cmd)
+			if err != nil {
+				retryTimeout = cmd.readTimeout() == nil
+				return err
+			}
+
+			return nil
 		})
-		if err != nil {
+		if lastErr == nil || !isRetryableError(lastErr, retryTimeout) {
-			c.releaseConn(cn, err)
+			return lastErr
-			cmd.setErr(err)
-			if isRetryableError(err, true) {
-				continue
-			}
-			return err
 		}
-
-		err = cn.WithReader(ctx, c.cmdTimeout(cmd), cmd.readReply)
-		c.releaseConn(cn, err)
-		if err != nil && isRetryableError(err, cmd.readTimeout() == nil) {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		return err
 	}
-
+	return lastErr
-	return cmd.Err()
 }
 
 func (c *baseClient) retryBackoff(attempt int) time.Duration {
@@ -325,6 +342,18 @@ type pipelineProcessor func(context.Context, *pool.Conn, []Cmder) (bool, error)
 func (c *baseClient) generalProcessPipeline(
 	ctx context.Context, cmds []Cmder, p pipelineProcessor,
 ) error {
+	err := c._generalProcessPipeline(ctx, cmds, p)
+	if err != nil {
+		setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return cmdsFirstErr(cmds)
+}
+
+func (c *baseClient) _generalProcessPipeline(
+	ctx context.Context, cmds []Cmder, p pipelineProcessor,
+) error {
+	var lastErr error
 	for attempt := 0; attempt <= c.opt.MaxRetries; attempt++ {
 		if attempt > 0 {
 			if err := internal.Sleep(ctx, c.retryBackoff(attempt)); err != nil {
@@ -332,20 +361,17 @@ func (c *baseClient) generalProcessPipeline(
 			}
 		}
 
-		cn, err := c.getConn(ctx)
+		var canRetry bool
-		if err != nil {
+		lastErr = c.withConn(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, cn *pool.Conn) error {
-			setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
+			var err error
+			canRetry, err = p(ctx, cn, cmds)
 			return err
-		}
+		})
-
+		if lastErr == nil || !canRetry || !isRetryableError(lastErr, true) {
-		canRetry, err := p(ctx, cn, cmds)
+			return lastErr
-		c.releaseConn(cn, err)
-
-		if !canRetry || !isRetryableError(err, true) {
-			break
 		}
 	}
-	return cmdsFirstErr(cmds)
+	return lastErr
 }
 
 func (c *baseClient) pipelineProcessCmds(
@@ -355,7 +381,6 @@ func (c *baseClient) pipelineProcessCmds(
 		return writeCmd(wr, cmds...)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
 		return true, err
 	}
 
@@ -382,14 +407,12 @@ func (c *baseClient) txPipelineProcessCmds(
 		return txPipelineWriteMulti(wr, cmds)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
 		return true, err
 	}
 
 	err = cn.WithReader(ctx, c.opt.ReadTimeout, func(rd *proto.Reader) error {
 		err := txPipelineReadQueued(rd, cmds)
 		if err != nil {
-			setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
 			return err
 		}
 		return pipelineReadCmds(rd, cmds)

ring.go

@@ -551,6 +551,16 @@ func (c *Ring) cmdShard(cmd Cmder) (*ringShard, error) {
 }
 
 func (c *Ring) process(ctx context.Context, cmd Cmder) error {
+	err := c._process(ctx, cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		cmd.setErr(err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Ring) _process(ctx context.Context, cmd Cmder) error {
+	var lastErr error
 	for attempt := 0; attempt <= c.opt.MaxRetries; attempt++ {
 		if attempt > 0 {
 			if err := internal.Sleep(ctx, c.retryBackoff(attempt)); err != nil {
@@ -560,19 +570,15 @@ func (c *Ring) process(ctx context.Context, cmd Cmder) error {
 
 		shard, err := c.cmdShard(cmd)
 		if err != nil {
-			cmd.setErr(err)
 			return err
 		}
 
-		err = shard.Client.ProcessContext(ctx, cmd)
+		lastErr = shard.Client._process(ctx, cmd)
-		if err == nil {
+		if lastErr == nil || !isRetryableError(lastErr, cmd.readTimeout() == nil) {
-			return nil
+			return lastErr
-		}
-		if !isRetryableError(err, cmd.readTimeout() == nil) {
-			return err
 		}
 	}
-	return cmd.Err()
+	return lastErr
 }
 
 func (c *Ring) Pipelined(fn func(Pipeliner) error) ([]Cmder, error) {
@@ -626,63 +632,42 @@ func (c *Ring) generalProcessPipeline(
 		cmdsMap[hash] = append(cmdsMap[hash], cmd)
 	}
 
-	for attempt := 0; attempt <= c.opt.MaxRetries; attempt++ {
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
-		if attempt > 0 {
+	for hash, cmds := range cmdsMap {
-			if err := internal.Sleep(ctx, c.retryBackoff(attempt)); err != nil {
+		wg.Add(1)
-				return err
+		go func(hash string, cmds []Cmder) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+
+			err := c.processShardPipeline(ctx, hash, cmds, tx)
+			if err != nil {
+				setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
 			}
-		}
+		}(hash, cmds)
-
-		var mu sync.Mutex
-		var failedCmdsMap map[string][]Cmder
-		var wg sync.WaitGroup
-
-		for hash, cmds := range cmdsMap {
-			wg.Add(1)
-			go func(hash string, cmds []Cmder) {
-				defer wg.Done()
-
-				shard, err := c.shards.GetByHash(hash)
-				if err != nil {
-					setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
-					return
-				}
-
-				cn, err := shard.Client.getConn(ctx)
-				if err != nil {
-					setCmdsErr(cmds, err)
-					return
-				}
-
-				var canRetry bool
-				if tx {
-					canRetry, err = shard.Client.txPipelineProcessCmds(ctx, cn, cmds)
-				} else {
-					canRetry, err = shard.Client.pipelineProcessCmds(ctx, cn, cmds)
-				}
-				shard.Client.releaseConn(cn, err)
-
-				if canRetry && isRetryableError(err, true) {
-					mu.Lock()
-					if failedCmdsMap == nil {
-						failedCmdsMap = make(map[string][]Cmder)
-					}
-					failedCmdsMap[hash] = cmds
-					mu.Unlock()
-				}
-			}(hash, cmds)
-		}
-
-		wg.Wait()
-		if len(failedCmdsMap) == 0 {
-			break
-		}
-		cmdsMap = failedCmdsMap
 	}
 
+	wg.Wait()
 	return cmdsFirstErr(cmds)
 }
 
+func (c *Ring) processShardPipeline(
+	ctx context.Context, hash string, cmds []Cmder, tx bool,
+) error {
+	//TODO: retry?
+	shard, err := c.shards.GetByHash(hash)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if tx {
+		err = shard.Client._generalProcessPipeline(
+			ctx, cmds, shard.Client.txPipelineProcessCmds)
+	} else {
+		err = shard.Client._generalProcessPipeline(
+			ctx, cmds, shard.Client.pipelineProcessCmds)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
 // Close closes the ring client, releasing any open resources.
 //
 // It is rare to Close a Ring, as the Ring is meant to be long-lived