logrus/README.md

Logrus   

Logrus is a structured logger for Go (golang), completely API compatible with the standard library logger. Godoc. Please note the Logrus API is not yet stable (pre 1.0). Logrus itself is completely stable and has been used in many large deployments. The core API is unlikely to change much but please version control your Logrus to make sure you aren't fetching latest master on every build.

Nicely color-coded in development (when a TTY is attached, otherwise just plain text):

With log.Formatter = new(logrus.JSONFormatter), for easy parsing by logstash or Splunk:

{"animal":"walrus","level":"info","msg":"A group of walrus emerges from the
ocean","size":10,"time":"2014-03-10 19:57:38.562264131 -0400 EDT"}

{"level":"warning","msg":"The group's number increased tremendously!",
"number":122,"omg":true,"time":"2014-03-10 19:57:38.562471297 -0400 EDT"}

{"animal":"walrus","level":"info","msg":"A giant walrus appears!",
"size":10,"time":"2014-03-10 19:57:38.562500591 -0400 EDT"}

{"animal":"walrus","level":"info","msg":"Tremendously sized cow enters the ocean.",
"size":9,"time":"2014-03-10 19:57:38.562527896 -0400 EDT"}

{"level":"fatal","msg":"The ice breaks!","number":100,"omg":true,
"time":"2014-03-10 19:57:38.562543128 -0400 EDT"}

With the default log.Formatter = new(logrus.TextFormatter) when a TTY is not attached, the output is compatible with the logfmt format:

time="2014-04-20 15:36:23.830442383 -0400 EDT" level="info" msg="A group of walrus emerges from the ocean" animal="walrus" size=10
time="2014-04-20 15:36:23.830584199 -0400 EDT" level="warning" msg="The group's number increased tremendously!" omg=true number=122
time="2014-04-20 15:36:23.830596521 -0400 EDT" level="info" msg="A giant walrus appears!" animal="walrus" size=10
time="2014-04-20 15:36:23.830611837 -0400 EDT" level="info" msg="Tremendously sized cow enters the ocean." animal="walrus" size=9
time="2014-04-20 15:36:23.830626464 -0400 EDT" level="fatal" msg="The ice breaks!" omg=true number=100

Example

The simplest way to use Logrus is simply the package-level exported logger:

package main

import (
  log "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
)

func main() {
  log.WithFields(log.Fields{
    "animal": "walrus",
  }).Info("A walrus appears")
}

Note that it's completely api-compatible with the stdlib logger, so you can replace your log imports everywhere with log "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus" and you'll now have the flexibility of Logrus. You can customize it all you want:

package main

import (
  "os"
  log "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
  "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus/hooks/airbrake"
)

func init() {
  // Log as JSON instead of the default ASCII formatter.
  log.SetFormatter(&log.JSONFormatter{})

  // Use the Airbrake hook to report errors that have Error severity or above to
  // an exception tracker. You can create custom hooks, see the Hooks section.
  log.AddHook(&logrus_airbrake.AirbrakeHook{})

  // Output to stderr instead of stdout, could also be a file.
  log.SetOutput(os.Stderr)

  // Only log the warning severity or above.
  log.SetLevel(log.WarnLevel)
}

func main() {
  log.WithFields(log.Fields{
    "animal": "walrus",
    "size":   10,
  }).Info("A group of walrus emerges from the ocean")

  log.WithFields(log.Fields{
    "omg":    true,
    "number": 122,
  }).Warn("The group's number increased tremendously!")

  log.WithFields(log.Fields{
    "omg":    true,
    "number": 100,
  }).Fatal("The ice breaks!")
}

For more advanced usage such as logging to multiple locations from the same application, you can also create an instance of the logrus Logger:

package main

import (
  "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
)

// Create a new instance of the logger. You can have any number of instances.
var log = logrus.New()

func main() {
  // The API for setting attributes is a little different than the package level
  // exported logger. See Godoc.
  log.Out = os.Stderr

  log.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
    "animal": "walrus",
    "size":   10,
  }).Info("A group of walrus emerges from the ocean")
}

Fields

Logrus encourages careful, structured logging though logging fields instead of long, unparseable error messages. For example, instead of: log.Fatalf("Failed to send event %s to topic %s with key %d"), you should log the much more discoverable:

log.WithFields(log.Fields{
  "event": event,
  "topic": topic,
  "key": key,
}).Fatal("Failed to send event")

We've found this API forces you to think about logging in a way that produces much more useful logging messages. We've been in countless situations where just a single added field to a log statement that was already there would've saved us hours. The WithFields call is optional.

In general, with Logrus using any of the printf-family functions should be seen as a hint you should add a field, however, you can still use the printf-family functions with Logrus.

Hooks

You can add hooks for logging levels. For example to send errors to an exception tracking service on Error, Fatal and Panic, info to StatsD or log to multiple places simultaneously, e.g. syslog.

// Not the real implementation of the Airbrake hook. Just a simple sample.
import (
  log "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
)

func init() {
  log.AddHook(new(AirbrakeHook))
}

type AirbrakeHook struct{}

// `Fire()` takes the entry that the hook is fired for. `entry.Data[]` contains
// the fields for the entry. See the Fields section of the README.
func (hook *AirbrakeHook) Fire(entry *logrus.Entry) error {
  err := airbrake.Notify(entry.Data["error"].(error))
  if err != nil {
    log.WithFields(log.Fields{
      "source":   "airbrake",
      "endpoint": airbrake.Endpoint,
    }).Info("Failed to send error to Airbrake")
  }

  return nil
}

// `Levels()` returns a slice of `Levels` the hook is fired for.
func (hook *AirbrakeHook) Levels() []log.Level {
  return []log.Level{
    log.ErrorLevel,
    log.FatalLevel,
    log.PanicLevel,
  }
}

Logrus comes with built-in hooks. Add those, or your custom hook, in init:

import (
  log "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
  "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus/hooks/airbrake"
  "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus/hooks/syslog"
  "log/syslog"
)

func init() {
  log.AddHook(new(logrus_airbrake.AirbrakeHook))

  hook, err := logrus_syslog.NewSyslogHook("udp", "localhost:514", syslog.LOG_INFO, "")
  if err != nil {
    log.Error("Unable to connect to local syslog daemon")
  } else {
    log.AddHook(hook)
  }
}

• github.com/Sirupsen/logrus/hooks/airbrake Send errors to an exception tracking service compatible with the Airbrake API. Uses airbrake-go behind the scenes.

• github.com/Sirupsen/logrus/hooks/papertrail Send errors to the Papertrail hosted logging service via UDP.

• github.com/Sirupsen/logrus/hooks/syslog Send errors to remote syslog server. Uses standard library log/syslog behind the scenes.

• github.com/nubo/hiprus Send errors to a channel in hipchat.

• github.com/sebest/logrusly Send logs to Loggly (https://www.loggly.com/)

• github.com/johntdyer/slackrus Hook for Slack chat.

• github.com/wercker/journalhook. Hook for logging to systemd-journald.

Level logging

Logrus has six logging levels: Debug, Info, Warning, Error, Fatal and Panic.

log.Debug("Useful debugging information.")
log.Info("Something noteworthy happened!")
log.Warn("You should probably take a look at this.")
log.Error("Something failed but I'm not quitting.")
// Calls os.Exit(1) after logging
log.Fatal("Bye.")
// Calls panic() after logging
log.Panic("I'm bailing.")

You can set the logging level on a Logger, then it will only log entries with that severity or anything above it:

// Will log anything that is info or above (warn, error, fatal, panic). Default.
log.SetLevel(log.InfoLevel)

It may be useful to set log.Level = logrus.DebugLevel in a debug or verbose environment if your application has that.

Entries

Besides the fields added with WithField or WithFields some fields are automatically added to all logging events:

1. time. The timestamp when the entry was created.
2. msg. The logging message passed to {Info,Warn,Error,Fatal,Panic} after the AddFields call. E.g. Failed to send event.
3. level. The logging level. E.g. info.

Environments

Logrus has no notion of environment.

If you wish for hooks and formatters to only be used in specific environments, you should handle that yourself. For example, if your application has a global variable Environment, which is a string representation of the environment you could do:

import (
  log "github.com/Sirupsen/logrus"
)

init() {
  // do something here to set environment depending on an environment variable
  // or command-line flag
  if Environment == "production" {
    log.SetFormatter(logrus.JSONFormatter)
  } else {
    // The TextFormatter is default, you don't actually have to do this.
    log.SetFormatter(logrus.TextFormatter)
  }
}

This configuration is how logrus was intended to be used, but JSON in production is mostly only useful if you do log aggregation with tools like Splunk or Logstash.

Formatters

The built-in logging formatters are:

• logrus.TextFormatter. Logs the event in colors if stdout is a tty, otherwise without colors.

  • Note: to force colored output when there is no TTY, set the ForceColors field to true. To force no colored output even if there is a TTY set the DisableColors field to true

• logrus.JSONFormatter. Logs fields as JSON.

• logrus.LogstashFormatter. Logs fields as Logstash Events (http://logstash.net).

    logrus.SetFormatter(&logrus.LogstashFormatter{Type: “application_name"})
  

Third party logging formatters:

• zalgo: invoking the P͉̫o̳̼̊w̖͈̰͎e̬͔̭͂r͚̼̹̲ ̫͓͉̳͈ō̠͕͖̚f̝͍̠ ͕̲̞͖͑Z̖̫̤̫ͪa͉̬͈̗l͖͎g̳̥o̰̥̅!̣͔̲̻͊̄ ̙̘̦̹̦.

You can define your formatter by implementing the Formatter interface, requiring a Format method. Format takes an *Entry. entry.Data is a Fields type (map[string]interface{}) with all your fields as well as the default ones (see Entries section above):

type MyJSONFormatter struct {
}

log.SetFormatter(new(MyJSONFormatter))

func (f *JSONFormatter) Format(entry *Entry) ([]byte, error) {
  // Note this doesn't include Time, Level and Message which are available on
  // the Entry. Consult `godoc` on information about those fields or read the
  // source of the official loggers.
  serialized, err := json.Marshal(entry.Data)
    if err != nil {
      return nil, fmt.Errorf("Failed to marshal fields to JSON, %v", err)
    }
  return append(serialized, '\n'), nil
}

Logger as an io.Writer

Logrus can be transormed into an io.Writer. That writer is the end of an io.Pipe and it is your responsibility to close it.

w := logger.Writer()
defer w.Close()

srv := http.Server{
    // create a stdlib log.Logger that writes to
    // logrus.Logger.
    ErrorLog: log.New(w, "", 0),
}

Each line written to that writer will be printed the usual way, using formatters and hooks. The level for those entries is info.

Rotation

Log rotation is not provided with Logrus. Log rotation should be done by an external program (like logrotate(8)) that can compress and delete old log entries. It should not be a feature of the application-level logger.