go-sqlite3

Description

sqlite3 driver conforming to the built-in database/sql interface

Supported Golang version:

• 1.8.x
• 1.9.x
• 1.10.x

Overview

• Installation
• API Reference
• Connection String
• Features
• Compilation
  • Android
  • ARM
  • Cross Compile
  • Google Cloud Platform
  • Linux
    • Alpine
    • Fedora
    • Ubuntu
  • Mac OSX
  • Windows
  • Errors
• Extensions
  • Spatialite
• FAQ
• License

Installation

This package can be installed with the go get command:

go get github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3

go-sqlite3 is cgo package. If you want to build your app using go-sqlite3, you need gcc. However, after you have built and installed go-sqlite3 with go install github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 (which requires gcc), you can build your app without relying on gcc in future.

Important: because this is a CGO enabled package you are required to set the environment variable CGO_ENABLED=1 and have a gcc compile present within your path.

API Reference

API documentation can be found here: http://godoc.org/github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3

Examples can be found under the examples directory

Connection String

When creating a new SQLite database or connection to an existing one, with the file name additional options can be given. This is also known as a DSN string. (Data Source Name).

Options are append after the filename of the SQLite database. The database filename and options are seperated by an ? (Question Mark).

This also applies when using an in-memory database instead of a file.

Options can be given using the following format: KEYWORD=VALUE and multiple options can be combined with the & ampersand.

This library supports dsn options of SQLite itself and provides additional options.

Boolean values can be one of:

• 0 no false off
• 1 yes true on

Name	Key	Value(s)	Description
Auto Vacuum	_auto_vacuum | _vacuum	0 | none 1 | full 2 | incremental	For more information see PRAGMA auto_vacuum
Busy Timeout	_busy_timeout | _timeout	int	Specify value for sqlite3_busy_timeout. For more information see PRAGMA busy_timeout
Case Sensitive LIKE	_case_sensitive_like | _cslike	boolean	For more information see PRAGMA case_sensitive_like
Defer Foreign Keys	_defer_foreign_keys | _defer_fk	boolean	For more information see PRAGMA defer_foreign_keys
Foreign Keys	_foreign_keys | _fk	boolean	For more information see PRAGMA foreign_keys
Ignore CHECK Constraints	_ignore_check_constraints	boolean	For more information see PRAGMA ignore_check_constraints
Immutable	immutable	boolean	For more information see Immutable
Journal Mode	_journal_mode | _journal	DELETE TRUNCATE PERSIST MEMORY WAL OFF	For more information see PRAGMA journal_mode
Locking Mode	_locking_mode | _locking	NORMAL EXCLUSIVE	For more information see PRAGMA locking_mode
Mode	mode	ro rw rwc memory	Access Mode of the database. For more information see SQLite Open
Mutex Locking	_mutex	no full	Specify mutex mode.
Query Only	_query_only	boolean	For more information see PRAGMA query_only
Recursive Triggers	_recursive_triggers | _rt	boolean	For more information see PRAGMA recursive_triggers
Secure Delete	_secure_delete	boolean | FAST	For more information see PRAGMA secure_delete
Shared-Cache Mode	cache	shared private	Set cache mode for more information see sqlite.org
Synchronous	_synchronous | _sync	0 | OFF 1 | NORMAL 2 | FULL 3 | EXTRA	For more information see PRAGMA synchronous
Time Zone Location	_loc	auto	Specify location of time format.
Transaction Lock	_txlock	immediate deferred exclusive	Specify locking behavior for transactions.
Writable Schema	_writable_schema	Boolean	When this pragma is on, the SQLITE_MASTER tables in which database can be changed using ordinary UPDATE, INSERT, and DELETE statements. Warning: misuse of this pragma can easily result in a corrupt database file.

DSN Examples

file:test.db?cache=shared&mode=memory

Features

This package allows additional configuration of features available within SQLite3 to be enabled or disabled by golang build constraints also known as build tags.

Click here for more information about build tags / constraints.

Usage

If you wish to build this library with additional extensions / features. Use the following command.

go build --tags "<FEATURE>"

For available features see the extension list. When using multiple build tags, all the different tags should be space delimted.

Example:

go build --tags "icu json1 fts5 secure_delete"

Feature / Extension List

Extension	Build Tag	Description
Additional Statistics	sqlite_stat4	This option adds additional logic to the ANALYZE command and to the query planner that can help SQLite to chose a better query plan under certain situations. The ANALYZE command is enhanced to collect histogram data from all columns of every index and store that data in the sqlite_stat4 table. The query planner will then use the histogram data to help it make better index choices. The downside of this compile-time option is that it violates the query planner stability guarantee making it more difficult to ensure consistent performance in mass-produced applications. SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 is an enhancement of SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3. STAT3 only recorded histogram data for the left-most column of each index whereas the STAT4 enhancement records histogram data from all columns of each index. The SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3 compile-time option is a no-op and is ignored if the SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT4 compile-time option is used
Allow URI Authority	sqlite_allow_uri_authority	URI filenames normally throws an error if the authority section is not either empty or "localhost". However, if SQLite is compiled with the SQLITE_ALLOW_URI_AUTHORITY compile-time option, then the URI is converted into a Uniform Naming Convention (UNC) filename and passed down to the underlying operating system that way
App Armor	sqlite_app_armor	When defined, this C-preprocessor macro activates extra code that attempts to detect misuse of the SQLite API, such as passing in NULL pointers to required parameters or using objects after they have been destroyed. App Armor is not available under Windows.
Disable Load Extensions	sqlite_omit_load_extension	Loading of external extensions is enabled by default. To disable extension loading add the build tag sqlite_omit_load_extension.
Foreign Keys	sqlite_foreign_keys	This macro determines whether enforcement of foreign key constraints is enabled or disabled by default for new database connections. Each database connection can always turn enforcement of foreign key constraints on and off and run-time using the foreign_keys pragma. Enforcement of foreign key constraints is normally off by default, but if this compile-time parameter is set to 1, enforcement of foreign key constraints will be on by default
Full Auto Vacuum	sqlite_vacuum_full	Set the default auto vacuum to full
Incremental Auto Vacuum	sqlite_vacuum_incr	Set the default auto vacuum to incremental
Full Text Search Engine	sqlite_fts5	When this option is defined in the amalgamation, versions 5 of the full-text search engine (fts5) is added to the build automatically
International Components for Unicode	sqlite_icu	This option causes the International Components for Unicode or "ICU" extension to SQLite to be added to the build
Introspect PRAGMAS	sqlite_introspect	This option adds some extra PRAGMA statements. PRAGMA function_list PRAGMA module_list PRAGMA pragma_list
JSON SQL Functions	sqlite_json	When this option is defined in the amalgamation, the JSON SQL functions are added to the build automatically
Secure Delete	sqlite_secure_delete	This compile-time option changes the default setting of the secure_delete pragma. When this option is not used, secure_delete defaults to off. When this option is present, secure_delete defaults to on. The secure_delete setting causes deleted content to be overwritten with zeros. There is a small performance penalty since additional I/O must occur. On the other hand, secure_delete can prevent fragments of sensitive information from lingering in unused parts of the database file after it has been deleted. See the documentation on the secure_delete pragma for additional information
Secure Delete (FAST)	sqlite_secure_delete_fast	For more information see PRAGMA secure_delete
Tracing / Debug	sqlite_trace	Activate trace functions

Compilation

This package requires CGO_ENABLED=1 ennvironment variable if not set by default, and the presence of the gcc compiler.

If you need to add additional CFLAGS or LDFLAGS to the build command, and do not want to modify this package. Then this can be achieved by using the CGO_CFLAGS and CGO_LDFLAGS environment variables.

Android

This package can be compiled for android. Compile with:

go build --tags "android"

For more information see #201

ARM

To compile for ARM use the following environment.

env CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc CXX=arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ \
    CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 \
    go build -v 

Additional information:

• #242
• #504

Cross Compile

This library can be cross-compiled.

In some cases you are required to the CC environment variable with the cross compiler.

Additional information:

• #491
• #560

Google Cloud Platform

Building on GCP is not possible because Google Cloud Platform does not allow gcc` to be executed.

Please work only with compiled final binaries.

Linux

To compile this package on Linux you must install the development tools for your linux distribution.

To compile under linux use the build tag linux.

go build --tags "linux"

If you wish to link directly to libsqlite3 then you can use the libsqlite3 build tag.

go build --tags "libsqlite3 linux"

Alpine

When building in an alpine container run the following command before building.

apk add --update gcc musl-dev

Fedora

sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools" "Development Libraries"

Ubuntu

sudo apt-get install build-essential

Mac OSX

OSX should have all the tools present to compile this package, if not install XCode this will add all the developers tools.

Required dependency

brew install sqlite3

For OSX there is an additional package install which is required if you whish to build the icu extension.

This additional package can be installed with homebrew.

brew upgrade icu4c

To compile for Mac OSX.

go build --tags "darwin"

If you wish to link directly to libsqlite3 then you can use the libsqlite3 build tag.

go build --tags "libsqlite3 darwin"

Additional information:

• #206
• #404

Windows

To compile this package on Windows OS you must have the gcc compiler installed.

1. Install a Windows gcc toolchain.
2. Add the bin folders to the Windows path if the installer did not do this by default.
3. Open a terminal for the TDM-GCC toolchain, can be found in the Windows Start menu.
4. Navigate to your project folder and run the go build ... command for this package.

For example the TDM-GCC Toolchain can be found here.

Errors

• Compile error: can not be used when making a shared object; recompile with -fPIC

  When receiving a compile time error referencing recompile with -FPIC then you are probably using a hardend system.

  You can copile the library on a hardend system with the following command.

  go build -ldflags '-extldflags=-fno-PIC'
  

  More details see #120

• Can't build go-sqlite3 on windows 64bit.

  Probably, you are using go 1.0, go1.0 has a problem when it comes to compiling/linking on windows 64bit. See: #27

• go get github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 throws compilation error.

  gcc throws: internal compiler error

  Remove the download repository from your disk and try re-install with:

  go install github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
  

Extensions

If you want your own extension to be listed here or you want to add a reference to an extension; please submit an Issue for this.

Spatialite

Spatialite is available as an extension to SQLite, and can be used in combination with this repository. For an example see shaxbee/go-spatialite.

FAQ

• Getting insert error while query is opened.

  You can pass some arguments into the connection string, for example, a URI. See: #39

• Do you want to cross compile? mingw on Linux or Mac?

  See: #106 See also: http://www.limitlessfx.com/cross-compile-golang-app-for-windows-from-linux.html

• Want to get time.Time with current locale

  Use _loc=auto in SQLite3 filename schema like file:foo.db?_loc=auto.

• Can I use this in multiple routines concurrently?

  Yes for readonly. But, No for writable. See #50, #51, #209, #274.

• Why is it racy if I use a sql.Open("sqlite3", ":memory:") database?

  Each connection to :memory: opens a brand new in-memory sql database, so if the stdlib's sql engine happens to open another connection and you've only specified ":memory:", that connection will see a brand new database. A workaround is to use "file::memory:?mode=memory&cache=shared". Every connection to this string will point to the same in-memory database. See #204 for more info.

• Reading from database with large amount of goroutines fails on OSX.

  OS X limits OS-wide to not have more than 1000 files open simultaneously by default.

  For more information see #289

• Trying to execure a . (dot) command throws an error.

  Error: Error: near ".": syntax error Dot command are part of SQLite3 CLI not of this library.

  You need to implement the feature or call the sqlite3 cli.

  More infomation see #305

License

MIT: http://mattn.mit-license.org/2018

sqlite3-binding.c, sqlite3-binding.h, sqlite3ext.h

The -binding suffix was added to avoid build failures under gccgo.

In this repository, those files are an amalgamation of code that was copied from SQLite3. The license of that code is the same as the license of SQLite3.

Author

Yasuhiro Matsumoto (a.k.a mattn)

G.J.R. Timmer