diff --git a/encode_compile.go b/encode_compile.go
index 04e256c..06f21a0 100644
--- a/encode_compile.go
+++ b/encode_compile.go
@@ -22,11 +22,12 @@ type opcodeSet struct {
 }
 
 var (
-	marshalJSONType  = reflect.TypeOf((*Marshaler)(nil)).Elem()
-	marshalTextType  = reflect.TypeOf((*encoding.TextMarshaler)(nil)).Elem()
-	cachedOpcode     unsafe.Pointer // map[uintptr]*opcodeSet
-	baseTypeAddr     uintptr
-	cachedOpcodeSets []*opcodeSet
+	marshalJSONType        = reflect.TypeOf((*Marshaler)(nil)).Elem()
+	marshalTextType        = reflect.TypeOf((*encoding.TextMarshaler)(nil)).Elem()
+	cachedOpcode           unsafe.Pointer // map[uintptr]*opcodeSet
+	baseTypeAddr           uintptr
+	cachedOpcodeSets       []*opcodeSet
+	existsCachedOpcodeSets bool
 )
 
 const (
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ func setupOpcodeSets() error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("too big address range %d", addrRange)
 	}
 	cachedOpcodeSets = make([]*opcodeSet, addrRange)
+	existsCachedOpcodeSets = true
 	baseTypeAddr = min
 	return nil
 }
@@ -90,35 +92,6 @@ func init() {
 	}
 }
 
-func encodeCompileToGetCodeSet(typeptr uintptr) (*opcodeSet, error) {
-	if cachedOpcodeSets == nil {
-		return encodeCompileToGetCodeSetSlowPath(typeptr)
-	}
-	if codeSet := cachedOpcodeSets[typeptr-baseTypeAddr]; codeSet != nil {
-		return codeSet, nil
-	}
-
-	// noescape trick for header.typ ( reflect.*rtype )
-	copiedType := *(**rtype)(unsafe.Pointer(&typeptr))
-
-	code, err := encodeCompileHead(&encodeCompileContext{
-		typ:                      copiedType,
-		root:                     true,
-		structTypeToCompiledCode: map[uintptr]*compiledCode{},
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	code = copyOpcode(code)
-	codeLength := code.totalLength()
-	codeSet := &opcodeSet{
-		code:       code,
-		codeLength: codeLength,
-	}
-	cachedOpcodeSets[int(typeptr-baseTypeAddr)] = codeSet
-	return codeSet, nil
-}
-
 func encodeCompileToGetCodeSetSlowPath(typeptr uintptr) (*opcodeSet, error) {
 	opcodeMap := loadOpcodeMap()
 	if codeSet, exists := opcodeMap[typeptr]; exists {
diff --git a/encode_compile_norace.go b/encode_compile_norace.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..209f60c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/encode_compile_norace.go
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// +build !race
+
+package json
+
+import "unsafe"
+
+func encodeCompileToGetCodeSet(typeptr uintptr) (*opcodeSet, error) {
+	if !existsCachedOpcodeSets {
+		return encodeCompileToGetCodeSetSlowPath(typeptr)
+	}
+	if codeSet := cachedOpcodeSets[typeptr-baseTypeAddr]; codeSet != nil {
+		return codeSet, nil
+	}
+
+	// noescape trick for header.typ ( reflect.*rtype )
+	copiedType := *(**rtype)(unsafe.Pointer(&typeptr))
+
+	code, err := encodeCompileHead(&encodeCompileContext{
+		typ:                      copiedType,
+		root:                     true,
+		structTypeToCompiledCode: map[uintptr]*compiledCode{},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	code = copyOpcode(code)
+	codeLength := code.totalLength()
+	codeSet := &opcodeSet{
+		code:       code,
+		codeLength: codeLength,
+	}
+	cachedOpcodeSets[int(typeptr-baseTypeAddr)] = codeSet
+	return codeSet, nil
+}
diff --git a/encode_compile_race.go b/encode_compile_race.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2fcb73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/encode_compile_race.go
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// +build race
+
+package json
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+var setsMu sync.RWMutex
+
+func encodeCompileToGetCodeSet(typeptr uintptr) (*opcodeSet, error) {
+	if !existsCachedOpcodeSets {
+		return encodeCompileToGetCodeSetSlowPath(typeptr)
+	}
+	setsMu.RLock()
+	if codeSet := cachedOpcodeSets[typeptr-baseTypeAddr]; codeSet != nil {
+		setsMu.RUnlock()
+		return codeSet, nil
+	}
+	setsMu.RUnlock()
+
+	// noescape trick for header.typ ( reflect.*rtype )
+	copiedType := *(**rtype)(unsafe.Pointer(&typeptr))
+
+	code, err := encodeCompileHead(&encodeCompileContext{
+		typ:                      copiedType,
+		root:                     true,
+		structTypeToCompiledCode: map[uintptr]*compiledCode{},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	code = copyOpcode(code)
+	codeLength := code.totalLength()
+	codeSet := &opcodeSet{
+		code:       code,
+		codeLength: codeLength,
+	}
+	setsMu.Lock()
+	cachedOpcodeSets[int(typeptr-baseTypeAddr)] = codeSet
+	setsMu.Unlock()
+	return codeSet, nil
+}
diff --git a/encode_vm_escaped.go b/encode_vm_escaped.go
index 7bc194f..47f6486 100644
--- a/encode_vm_escaped.go
+++ b/encode_vm_escaped.go
@@ -7801,6 +7801,15 @@ func encodeRunEscaped(ctx *encodeRuntimeContext, b []byte, codeSet *opcodeSet, o
 			ptr := load(ctxptr, code.headIdx)
 			b = append(b, code.escapedKey...)
 			p := ptr + code.offset
+			if code.typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+				p = ptrToPtr(p)
+			}
+			if p == 0 {
+				b = encodeNull(b)
+				b = encodeComma(b)
+				code = code.next
+				break
+			}
 			v := ptrToInterface(code, p)
 			bb, err := v.(Marshaler).MarshalJSON()
 			if err != nil {
@@ -7816,23 +7825,25 @@ func encodeRunEscaped(ctx *encodeRuntimeContext, b []byte, codeSet *opcodeSet, o
 		case opStructFieldOmitEmptyMarshalJSON:
 			ptr := load(ctxptr, code.headIdx)
 			p := ptr + code.offset
-			if code.typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && code.typ.Elem().Implements(marshalJSONType) {
+			if code.typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
 				p = ptrToPtr(p)
 			}
-			v := ptrToInterface(code, p)
-			if v != nil && p != 0 {
-				bb, err := v.(Marshaler).MarshalJSON()
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, errMarshaler(code, err)
-				}
-				b = append(b, code.escapedKey...)
-				buf := bytes.NewBuffer(b)
-				if err := compact(buf, bb, true); err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				b = buf.Bytes()
-				b = encodeComma(b)
+			if p == 0 {
+				code = code.next
+				break
 			}
+			v := ptrToInterface(code, p)
+			bb, err := v.(Marshaler).MarshalJSON()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, errMarshaler(code, err)
+			}
+			b = append(b, code.escapedKey...)
+			buf := bytes.NewBuffer(b)
+			if err := compact(buf, bb, true); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			b = buf.Bytes()
+			b = encodeComma(b)
 			code = code.next
 		case opStructFieldStringTagMarshalJSON:
 			ptr := load(ctxptr, code.headIdx)
@@ -9256,20 +9267,10 @@ func encodeRunEscaped(ctx *encodeRuntimeContext, b []byte, codeSet *opcodeSet, o
 		case opStructEndOmitEmptyMarshalJSON:
 			ptr := load(ctxptr, code.headIdx)
 			p := ptr + code.offset
-			v := ptrToInterface(code, p)
-			if v != nil && (code.typ.Kind() != reflect.Ptr || ptrToPtr(p) != 0) {
-				bb, err := v.(Marshaler).MarshalJSON()
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, errMarshaler(code, err)
-				}
-				b = append(b, code.escapedKey...)
-				buf := bytes.NewBuffer(b)
-				if err := compact(buf, bb, true); err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				b = buf.Bytes()
-				b = appendStructEnd(b)
-			} else {
+			if code.typ.Kind() == reflect.Ptr {
+				p = ptrToPtr(p)
+			}
+			if p == 0 {
 				last := len(b) - 1
 				if b[last] == ',' {
 					b[last] = '}'
@@ -9277,7 +9278,21 @@ func encodeRunEscaped(ctx *encodeRuntimeContext, b []byte, codeSet *opcodeSet, o
 				} else {
 					b = appendStructEnd(b)
 				}
+				code = code.next
+				break
 			}
+			v := ptrToInterface(code, p)
+			bb, err := v.(Marshaler).MarshalJSON()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, errMarshaler(code, err)
+			}
+			b = append(b, code.escapedKey...)
+			buf := bytes.NewBuffer(b)
+			if err := compact(buf, bb, true); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			b = buf.Bytes()
+			b = appendStructEnd(b)
 			code = code.next
 		case opStructEndStringTagMarshalJSON:
 			ptr := load(ctxptr, code.headIdx)