forked from mirror/gin
612 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
612 lines
15 KiB
Markdown
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#Gin Web Framework
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<img align="right" src="https://s3.amazonaws.com/uploads.hipchat.com/36744/1498287/JVR32LgyEGCiy01/path4201%20copy%202.png">
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[](https://travis-ci.org/gin-gonic/gin)
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[](https://coveralls.io/r/gin-gonic/gin?branch=master)
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[](https://godoc.org/github.com/gin-gonic/gin)
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[](https://gitter.im/gin-gonic/gin?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
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Gin is a web framework written in Golang. It features a martini-like API with much better performance, up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin.
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```
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$ cat test.go
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```
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```go
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package main
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import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
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func main() {
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r := gin.Default()
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r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.String(200, "pong")
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})
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r.Run(":8080") // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
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}
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```
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## Benchmarks
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Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter)
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[See all benchmarks](/BENCHMARKS.md)
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Benchmark name | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4)
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--------------------------------|----------:|----------:|----------:|------:
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BenchmarkAce_GithubAll | 10000 | 109482 | 13792 | 167
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BenchmarkBear_GithubAll | 10000 | 287490 | 79952 | 943
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BenchmarkBeego_GithubAll | 3000 | 562184 | 146272 | 2092
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BenchmarkBone_GithubAll | 500 | 2578716 | 648016 | 8119
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BenchmarkDenco_GithubAll | 20000 | 94955 | 20224 | 167
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BenchmarkEcho_GithubAll | 30000 | 58705 | 0 | 0
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**BenchmarkGin_GithubAll** | **30000** | **50991** | **0** | **0**
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BenchmarkGocraftWeb_GithubAll | 5000 | 449648 | 133280 | 1889
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BenchmarkGoji_GithubAll | 2000 | 689748 | 56113 | 334
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BenchmarkGoJsonRest_GithubAll | 5000 | 537769 | 135995 | 2940
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BenchmarkGoRestful_GithubAll | 100 | 18410628 | 797236 | 7725
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BenchmarkGorillaMux_GithubAll | 200 | 8036360 | 153137 | 1791
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BenchmarkHttpRouter_GithubAll | 20000 | 63506 | 13792 | 167
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BenchmarkHttpTreeMux_GithubAll | 10000 | 165927 | 56112 | 334
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BenchmarkKocha_GithubAll | 10000 | 171362 | 23304 | 843
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BenchmarkMacaron_GithubAll | 2000 | 817008 | 224960 | 2315
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BenchmarkMartini_GithubAll | 100 | 12609209 | 237952 | 2686
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BenchmarkPat_GithubAll | 300 | 4830398 | 1504101 | 32222
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BenchmarkPossum_GithubAll | 10000 | 301716 | 97440 | 812
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BenchmarkR2router_GithubAll | 10000 | 270691 | 77328 | 1182
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BenchmarkRevel_GithubAll | 1000 | 1491919 | 345553 | 5918
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BenchmarkRivet_GithubAll | 10000 | 283860 | 84272 | 1079
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BenchmarkTango_GithubAll | 5000 | 473821 | 87078 | 2470
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BenchmarkTigerTonic_GithubAll | 2000 | 1120131 | 241088 | 6052
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BenchmarkTraffic_GithubAll | 200 | 8708979 | 2664762 | 22390
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BenchmarkVulcan_GithubAll | 5000 | 353392 | 19894 | 609
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BenchmarkZeus_GithubAll | 2000 | 944234 | 300688 | 2648
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(1): Total Repetitions
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(2): Single Repetition Duration (ns/op)
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(3): Heap Memory (B/op)
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(4): Average Allocations per Repetition (allocs/op)
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##Gin v1. stable
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- [x] Zero allocation router.
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- [x] Still the fastest http router and framework. From routing to writing.
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- [x] Complete suite of unit tests
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- [x] Battle tested
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- [x] API frozen, new releases will not break your code.
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## Start using it
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1. Download and install it:
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```sh
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go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin
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```
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2. Import it in your code:
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```go
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import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
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```
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##API Examples
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#### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS
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```go
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func main() {
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// Creates a gin router with default middleware:
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// logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
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router := gin.Default()
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router.GET("/someGet", getting)
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router.POST("/somePost", posting)
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router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
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router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
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router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
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router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
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router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
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// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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#### Parameters in path
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// This handler will match /user/john but will not match neither /user/ or /user
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router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
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name := c.Param("name")
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c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
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})
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// However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
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// If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/join/
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router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
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name := c.Param("name")
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action := c.Param("action")
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message := name + " is " + action
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c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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#### Querystring parameters
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
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// The request responds to a url matching: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
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router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
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firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
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lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")
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c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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### Multipart/Urlencoded Form
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
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message := c.PostForm("message")
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nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
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c.JSON(200, gin.H{
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"status": "posted",
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"message": message,
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})
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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### Another example: query + post form
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```
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POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
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Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
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name=manu&message=this_is_great
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```
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
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id := c.Query("id")
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page := c.DefaultQuery("id", "0")
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name := c.PostForm("name")
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message := c.PostForm("message")
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fmt.Println("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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```
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id: 1234; page: 0; name: manu; message: this_is_great
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```
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#### Grouping routes
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// Simple group: v1
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v1 := router.Group("/v1")
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{
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v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
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v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
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v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
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}
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// Simple group: v2
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v2 := router.Group("/v2")
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{
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v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
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v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
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v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
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}
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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#### Blank Gin without middleware by default
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Use
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```go
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r := gin.New()
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```
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instead of
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```go
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r := gin.Default()
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```
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#### Using middleware
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```go
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func main() {
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// Creates a router without any middleware by default
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r := gin.New()
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// Global middleware
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r.Use(gin.Logger())
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r.Use(gin.Recovery())
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// Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
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r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
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// Authorization group
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// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
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// exactly the same than:
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authorized := r.Group("/")
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// per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
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// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
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authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
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{
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authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
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authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
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authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
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// nested group
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testing := authorized.Group("testing")
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testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
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}
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// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
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r.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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#### Model binding and validation
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To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).
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Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set `json:"fieldname"`.
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When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use BindWith.
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You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with `binding:"required"` and has a empty value when binding, the current request will fail with an error.
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```go
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// Binding from JSON
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type Login struct {
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User string `form:"user" json:"user" binding:"required"`
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Password string `form:"password" json:"password" binding:"required"`
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}
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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// Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
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router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
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var json Login
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if c.BindJSON(&json) == nil {
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if json.User == "manu" && json.Password == "123" {
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c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
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} else {
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c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
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}
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}
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})
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// Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
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router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
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var form Login
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// This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
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if c.Bind(&form) == nil {
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if form.User == "manu" && form.Password == "123" {
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c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
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} else {
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c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
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}
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}
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})
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// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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###Multipart/Urlencoded binding
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```go
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package main
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import (
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"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
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"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
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)
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type LoginForm struct {
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User string `form:"user" binding:"required"`
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Password string `form:"password" binding:"required"`
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}
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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router.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
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// you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
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// c.BindWith(&form, binding.Form)
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// or you can simply use autobinding with Bind method:
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var form LoginForm
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// in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
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if c.Bind(&form) == nil {
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if form.User == "user" && form.Password == "password" {
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c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
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} else {
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c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
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}
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}
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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Test it with:
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```bash
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$ curl -v --form user=user --form password=password http://localhost:8080/login
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```
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#### XML and JSON rendering
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```go
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func main() {
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r := gin.Default()
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// gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
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r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
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})
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r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
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// You also can use a struct
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var msg struct {
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Name string `json:"user"`
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Message string
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Number int
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}
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msg.Name = "Lena"
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msg.Message = "hey"
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msg.Number = 123
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// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
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// Will output : {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
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c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
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})
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r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
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})
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// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
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r.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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####Serving static files
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
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router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
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router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
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// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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####HTML rendering
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Using LoadHTMLTemplates()
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```go
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
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//router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
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router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
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"title": "Main website",
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})
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})
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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```html
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<html><h1>
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{{ .title }}
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</h1>
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</html>
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```
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You can also use your own html template render
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```go
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import "html/template"
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func main() {
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router := gin.Default()
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html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
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router.SetHTMLTemplate(html)
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router.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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#### Redirects
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Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy:
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```go
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r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
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c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
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})
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```
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Both internal and external locations are supported.
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#### Custom Middleware
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```go
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func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
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return func(c *gin.Context) {
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t := time.Now()
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// Set example variable
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c.Set("example", "12345")
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// before request
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c.Next()
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// after request
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latency := time.Since(t)
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log.Print(latency)
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// access the status we are sending
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status := c.Writer.Status()
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log.Println(status)
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}
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}
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func main() {
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r := gin.New()
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r.Use(Logger())
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r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
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example := c.MustGet("example").(string)
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// it would print: "12345"
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log.Println(example)
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})
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// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
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r.Run(":8080")
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}
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```
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#### Using BasicAuth() middleware
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```go
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// simulate some private data
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var secrets = gin.H{
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"foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
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"austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
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"lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
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}
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func main() {
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r := gin.Default()
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// Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
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// gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
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authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
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"foo": "bar",
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"austin": "1234",
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"lena": "hello2",
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"manu": "4321",
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}))
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// /admin/secrets endpoint
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// hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
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authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
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// get user, it was setted by the BasicAuth middleware
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user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
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if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
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c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
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} else {
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c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
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}
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})
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|
|
// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
r.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### Goroutines inside a middleware
|
|
When starting inside a middleware or handler, you **SHOULD NOT** use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy.
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
r := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
// create copy to be used inside the goroutine
|
|
c_cp := c.Copy()
|
|
go func() {
|
|
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
|
|
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
|
|
|
|
// note than you are using the copied context "c_cp", IMPORTANT
|
|
log.Println("Done! in path " + c_cp.Request.URL.Path)
|
|
}()
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
|
|
r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
|
|
// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
|
|
time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
|
|
|
|
// since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
|
|
log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
|
|
})
|
|
|
|
// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
|
|
r.Run(":8080")
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
#### Custom HTTP configuration
|
|
|
|
Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this:
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
or
|
|
|
|
```go
|
|
func main() {
|
|
router := gin.Default()
|
|
|
|
s := &http.Server{
|
|
Addr: ":8080",
|
|
Handler: router,
|
|
ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
|
|
WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
|
|
MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
|
|
}
|
|
s.ListenAndServe()
|
|
}
|
|
```
|