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Gin is a web framework written in [Go](https://go.dev/). It features a martini-like API with performance that is up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin.
**The key features of Gin are:**
- Zero allocation router
- Fast
- Middleware support
- Crash-free
- JSON validation
- Routes grouping
- Error management
- Rendering built-in
- Extendable
## Getting started
### Prerequisites
<<<<<<< HEAD
```sh
go get -u git.internal/re/gin
```
=======
- **[Go](https://go.dev/)**: ~~any one of the **three latest major** [releases](https://go.dev/doc/devel/release)~~ (now version **1.16+** is required).
>>>>>>> upstream/master
### Getting Gin
<<<<<<< HEAD
```go
import "git.internal/re/gin"
=======
With [Go module](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/Modules) support, simply add the following import
```
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
>>>>>>> upstream/master
```
to your code, and then `go [build|run|test]` will automatically fetch the necessary dependencies.
Otherwise, run the following Go command to install the `gin` package:
```sh
$ go get -u github.com/gin-gonic/gin
```
### Running Gin
First you need to import Gin package for using Gin, one simplest example likes the follow `example.go`:
```go
package main
import (
"net/http"
"git.internal/re/gin"
)
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
"message": "pong",
})
})
r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 (for windows "localhost:8080")
}
```
And use the Go command to run the demo:
```
# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping on browser
$ go run example.go
```
### Learn more examples
#### Quick Start
Learn and practice more examples, please read the [Gin Quick Start](docs/doc.md) which includes API examples and builds tag.
#### Examples
A number of ready-to-run examples demonstrating various use cases of Gin on the [Gin examples](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples) repository.
## Documentation
See [API documentation and descriptions](https://godoc.org/github.com/gin-gonic/gin) for package.
All documentation is available on the Gin website.
- [English](https://gin-gonic.com/docs/)
- [简体中文](https://gin-gonic.com/zh-cn/docs/)
- [繁體中文](https://gin-gonic.com/zh-tw/docs/)
- [日本語](https://gin-gonic.com/ja/docs/)
- [Español](https://gin-gonic.com/es/docs/)
- [한국어](https://gin-gonic.com/ko-kr/docs/)
- [Turkish](https://gin-gonic.com/tr/docs/)
- [Persian](https://gin-gonic.com/fa/docs/)
### Articles about Gin
A curated list of awesome Gin framework.
- [Tutorial: Developing a RESTful API with Go and Gin](https://go.dev/doc/tutorial/web-service-gin)
## Benchmarks
Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter), [see all benchmarks details](/BENCHMARKS.md).
| Benchmark name | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) |
| ------------------------------ | ---------:| ---------------:| ------------:| ---------------:|
| BenchmarkGin_GithubAll | **43550** | **27364 ns/op** | **0 B/op** | **0 allocs/op** |
| BenchmarkAce_GithubAll | 40543 | 29670 ns/op | 0 B/op | 0 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkAero_GithubAll | 57632 | 20648 ns/op | 0 B/op | 0 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkBear_GithubAll | 9234 | 216179 ns/op | 86448 B/op | 943 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkBeego_GithubAll | 7407 | 243496 ns/op | 71456 B/op | 609 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkBone_GithubAll | 420 | 2922835 ns/op | 720160 B/op | 8620 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkChi_GithubAll | 7620 | 238331 ns/op | 87696 B/op | 609 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkDenco_GithubAll | 18355 | 64494 ns/op | 20224 B/op | 167 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkEcho_GithubAll | 31251 | 38479 ns/op | 0 B/op | 0 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkGocraftWeb_GithubAll | 4117 | 300062 ns/op | 131656 B/op | 1686 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkGoji_GithubAll | 3274 | 416158 ns/op | 56112 B/op | 334 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkGojiv2_GithubAll | 1402 | 870518 ns/op | 352720 B/op | 4321 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkGoJsonRest_GithubAll | 2976 | 401507 ns/op | 134371 B/op | 2737 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkGoRestful_GithubAll | 410 | 2913158 ns/op | 910144 B/op | 2938 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkGorillaMux_GithubAll | 346 | 3384987 ns/op | 251650 B/op | 1994 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkGowwwRouter_GithubAll | 10000 | 143025 ns/op | 72144 B/op | 501 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkHttpRouter_GithubAll | 55938 | 21360 ns/op | 0 B/op | 0 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkHttpTreeMux_GithubAll | 10000 | 153944 ns/op | 65856 B/op | 671 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkKocha_GithubAll | 10000 | 106315 ns/op | 23304 B/op | 843 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkLARS_GithubAll | 47779 | 25084 ns/op | 0 B/op | 0 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkMacaron_GithubAll | 3266 | 371907 ns/op | 149409 B/op | 1624 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkMartini_GithubAll | 331 | 3444706 ns/op | 226551 B/op | 2325 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkPat_GithubAll | 273 | 4381818 ns/op | 1483152 B/op | 26963 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkPossum_GithubAll | 10000 | 164367 ns/op | 84448 B/op | 609 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkR2router_GithubAll | 10000 | 160220 ns/op | 77328 B/op | 979 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkRivet_GithubAll | 14625 | 82453 ns/op | 16272 B/op | 167 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkTango_GithubAll | 6255 | 279611 ns/op | 63826 B/op | 1618 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkTigerTonic_GithubAll | 2008 | 687874 ns/op | 193856 B/op | 4474 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkTraffic_GithubAll | 355 | 3478508 ns/op | 820744 B/op | 14114 allocs/op |
| BenchmarkVulcan_GithubAll | 6885 | 193333 ns/op | 19894 B/op | 609 allocs/op |
- (1): Total Repetitions achieved in constant time, higher means more confident result
- (2): Single Repetition Duration (ns/op), lower is better
- (3): Heap Memory (B/op), lower is better
- (4): Average Allocations per Repetition (allocs/op), lower is better
<<<<<<< HEAD
## Gin v1. stable
- [x] Zero allocation router.
- [x] Still the fastest http router and framework. From routing to writing.
- [x] Complete suite of unit tests.
- [x] Battle tested.
- [x] API frozen, new releases will not break your code.
## Build with json replacement
Gin uses `encoding/json` as default json package but you can change it by build from other tags.
[jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go)
```sh
go build -tags=jsoniter .
```
[go-json](https://github.com/goccy/go-json)
```sh
go build -tags=go_json .
```
[sonic](https://github.com/bytedance/sonic) (you have to ensure that your cpu support avx instruction.)
```sh
$ go build -tags="sonic avx" .
```
## Build without `MsgPack` rendering feature
Gin enables `MsgPack` rendering feature by default. But you can disable this feature by specifying `nomsgpack` build tag.
```sh
go build -tags=nomsgpack .
```
This is useful to reduce the binary size of executable files. See the [detail information](https://git.internal/re/gin/pull/1852).
## API Examples
You can find a number of ready-to-run examples at [Gin examples repository](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples).
### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS
```go
func main() {
// Creates a gin router with default middleware:
// logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/someGet", getting)
router.POST("/somePost", posting)
router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
// By default it serves on :8080 unless a
// PORT environment variable was defined.
router.Run()
// router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
}
```
### Parameters in path
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// This handler will match /user/john but will not match /user/ or /user
router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
})
// However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
// If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
action := c.Param("action")
message := name + " is " + action
c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
})
// For each matched request Context will hold the route definition
router.POST("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
b := c.FullPath() == "/user/:name/*action" // true
c.String(http.StatusOK, "%t", b)
})
// This handler will add a new router for /user/groups.
// Exact routes are resolved before param routes, regardless of the order they were defined.
// Routes starting with /user/groups are never interpreted as /user/:name/... routes
router.GET("/user/groups", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.String(http.StatusOK, "The available groups are [...]")
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
### Querystring parameters
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
// The request responds to an url matching: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
### Multipart/Urlencoded Form
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
message := c.PostForm("message")
nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
"status": "posted",
"message": message,
"nick": nick,
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
### Another example: query + post form
```sh
POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
name=manu&message=this_is_great
```
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
id := c.Query("id")
page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
name := c.PostForm("name")
message := c.PostForm("message")
fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
```sh
id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great
```
### Map as querystring or postform parameters
```sh
POST /post?ids[a]=1234&ids[b]=hello HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
names[first]=thinkerou&names[second]=tianou
```
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
ids := c.QueryMap("ids")
names := c.PostFormMap("names")
fmt.Printf("ids: %v; names: %v", ids, names)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
```sh
ids: map[b:hello a:1234]; names: map[second:tianou first:thinkerou]
```
### Upload files
#### Single file
References issue [#774](https://git.internal/re/gin/issues/774) and detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/upload-file/single).
`file.Filename` **SHOULD NOT** be trusted. See [`Content-Disposition` on MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition#Directives) and [#1693](https://git.internal/re/gin/issues/1693)
=======
## Middlewares
>>>>>>> upstream/master
You can find many useful Gin middlewares at [gin-contrib](https://github.com/gin-contrib).
## Users
Awesome project lists using [Gin](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin) web framework.
* [gorush](https://github.com/appleboy/gorush): A push notification server written in Go.
* [fnproject](https://github.com/fnproject/fn): The container native, cloud agnostic serverless platform.
* [photoprism](https://github.com/photoprism/photoprism): Personal photo management powered by Go and Google TensorFlow.
* [lura](https://github.com/luraproject/lura): Ultra performant API Gateway with middlewares.
* [picfit](https://github.com/thoas/picfit): An image resizing server written in Go.
* [brigade](https://github.com/brigadecore/brigade): Event-based Scripting for Kubernetes.
* [dkron](https://github.com/distribworks/dkron): Distributed, fault tolerant job scheduling system.
## Contributing
Gin is the work of hundreds of contributors. We appreciate your help!
<<<<<<< HEAD
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
var json Login
if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&json); err != nil {
c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
return
}
if json.User != "manu" || json.Password != "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
return
}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
})
// Example for binding XML (
//
// Using posts/index.tmpl
{{ end }} ``` templates/users/index.tmpl ```html {{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}Using users/index.tmpl
{{ end }} ``` #### Custom Template renderer You can also use your own html template render ```go import "html/template" func main() { router := gin.Default() html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2")) router.SetHTMLTemplate(html) router.Run(":8080") } ``` #### Custom Delimiters You may use custom delims ```go r := gin.Default() r.Delims("{[{", "}]}") r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates") ``` #### Custom Template Funcs See the detail [example code](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/template). main.go ```go import ( "fmt" "html/template" "net/http" "time" "git.internal/re/gin" ) func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string { year, month, day := t.Date() return fmt.Sprintf("%d/%02d/%02d", year, month, day) } func main() { router := gin.Default() router.Delims("{[{", "}]}") router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{ "formatAsDate": formatAsDate, }) router.LoadHTMLFiles("./testdata/template/raw.tmpl") router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) { c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", gin.H{ "now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), }) }) router.Run(":8080") } ``` raw.tmpl ```html Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]} ``` Result: ```sh Date: 2017/07/01 ``` ### Multitemplate Gin allow by default use only one html.Template. Check [a multitemplate render](https://github.com/gin-contrib/multitemplate) for using features like go 1.6 `block template`. ### Redirects Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy. Both internal and external locations are supported. ```go r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) { c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/") }) ``` Issuing a HTTP redirect from POST. Refer to issue: [#444](https://git.internal/re/gin/issues/444) ```go r.POST("/test", func(c *gin.Context) { c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/foo") }) ``` Issuing a Router redirect, use `HandleContext` like below. ``` go r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) { c.Request.URL.Path = "/test2" r.HandleContext(c) }) r.GET("/test2", func(c *gin.Context) { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"hello": "world"}) }) ``` ### Custom Middleware ```go func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc { return func(c *gin.Context) { t := time.Now() // Set example variable c.Set("example", "12345") // before request c.Next() // after request latency := time.Since(t) log.Print(latency) // access the status we are sending status := c.Writer.Status() log.Println(status) } } func main() { r := gin.New() r.Use(Logger()) r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) { example := c.MustGet("example").(string) // it would print: "12345" log.Println(example) }) // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 r.Run(":8080") } ``` ### Using BasicAuth() middleware ```go // simulate some private data var secrets = gin.H{ "foo": gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"}, "austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"}, "lena": gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"}, } func main() { r := gin.Default() // Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware // gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{ "foo": "bar", "austin": "1234", "lena": "hello2", "manu": "4321", })) // /admin/secrets endpoint // hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) { // get user, it was set by the BasicAuth middleware user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string) if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret}) } else { c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("}) } }) // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 r.Run(":8080") } ``` ### Goroutines inside a middleware When starting new Goroutines inside a middleware or handler, you **SHOULD NOT** use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy. ```go func main() { r := gin.Default() r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) { // create copy to be used inside the goroutine cCp := c.Copy() go func() { // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) // note that you are using the copied context "cCp", IMPORTANT log.Println("Done! in path " + cCp.Request.URL.Path) }() }) r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) { // simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) // since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path) }) // Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080 r.Run(":8080") } ``` ### Custom HTTP configuration Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this: ```go func main() { router := gin.Default() http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router) } ``` or ```go func main() { router := gin.Default() s := &http.Server{ Addr: ":8080", Handler: router, ReadTimeout: 10 * time.Second, WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second, MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20, } s.ListenAndServe() } ``` ### Support Let's Encrypt example for 1-line LetsEncrypt HTTPS servers. ```go package main import ( "log" "net/http" "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls" "git.internal/re/gin" ) func main() { r := gin.Default() // Ping handler r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong") }) log.Fatal(autotls.Run(r, "example1.com", "example2.com")) } ``` example for custom autocert manager. ```go package main import ( "log" "net/http" "github.com/gin-gonic/autotls" "git.internal/re/gin" "golang.org/x/crypto/acme/autocert" ) func main() { r := gin.Default() // Ping handler r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) { c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong") }) m := autocert.Manager{ Prompt: autocert.AcceptTOS, HostPolicy: autocert.HostWhitelist("example1.com", "example2.com"), Cache: autocert.DirCache("/var/www/.cache"), } log.Fatal(autotls.RunWithManager(r, &m)) } ``` ### Run multiple service using Gin See the [question](https://git.internal/re/gin/issues/346) and try the following example: ```go package main import ( "log" "net/http" "time" "git.internal/re/gin" "golang.org/x/sync/errgroup" ) var ( g errgroup.Group ) func router01() http.Handler { e := gin.New() e.Use(gin.Recovery()) e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { c.JSON( http.StatusOK, gin.H{ "code": http.StatusOK, "error": "Welcome server 01", }, ) }) return e } func router02() http.Handler { e := gin.New() e.Use(gin.Recovery()) e.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { c.JSON( http.StatusOK, gin.H{ "code": http.StatusOK, "error": "Welcome server 02", }, ) }) return e } func main() { server01 := &http.Server{ Addr: ":8080", Handler: router01(), ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second, WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second, } server02 := &http.Server{ Addr: ":8081", Handler: router02(), ReadTimeout: 5 * time.Second, WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second, } g.Go(func() error { err := server01.ListenAndServe() if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed { log.Fatal(err) } return err }) g.Go(func() error { err := server02.ListenAndServe() if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed { log.Fatal(err) } return err }) if err := g.Wait(); err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } } ``` ### Graceful shutdown or restart There are a few approaches you can use to perform a graceful shutdown or restart. You can make use of third-party packages specifically built for that, or you can manually do the same with the functions and methods from the built-in packages. #### Third-party packages We can use [fvbock/endless](https://github.com/fvbock/endless) to replace the default `ListenAndServe`. Refer to issue [#296](https://git.internal/re/gin/issues/296) for more details. ```go router := gin.Default() router.GET("/", handler) // [...] endless.ListenAndServe(":4242", router) ``` Alternatives: * [grace](https://github.com/facebookgo/grace): Graceful restart & zero downtime deploy for Go servers. * [graceful](https://github.com/tylerb/graceful): Graceful is a Go package enabling graceful shutdown of an http.Handler server. * [manners](https://github.com/braintree/manners): A polite Go HTTP server that shuts down gracefully. #### Manually In case you are using Go 1.8 or a later version, you may not need to use those libraries. Consider using `http.Server`'s built-in [Shutdown()](https://pkg.go.dev/net/http#Server.Shutdown) method for graceful shutdowns. The example below describes its usage, and we've got more examples using gin [here](https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/graceful-shutdown). ```go // +build go1.8 package main import ( "context" "log" "net/http" "os" "os/signal" "syscall" "time" "git.internal/re/gin" ) func main() { router := gin.Default() router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) c.String(http.StatusOK, "Welcome Gin Server") }) srv := &http.Server{ Addr: ":8080", Handler: router, } // Initializing the server in a goroutine so that // it won't block the graceful shutdown handling below go func() { if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) { log.Printf("listen: %s\n", err) } }() // Wait for interrupt signal to gracefully shutdown the server with // a timeout of 5 seconds. quit := make(chan os.Signal) // kill (no param) default send syscall.SIGTERM // kill -2 is syscall.SIGINT // kill -9 is syscall.SIGKILL but can't be caught, so don't need to add it signal.Notify(quit, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM) <-quit log.Println("Shutting down server...") // The context is used to inform the server it has 5 seconds to finish // the request it is currently handling ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second) defer cancel() if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil { log.Fatal("Server forced to shutdown:", err) } log.Println("Server exiting") } ``` ### Build a single binary with templates You can build a server into a single binary containing templates by using the [embed](https://pkg.go.dev/embed) package. ```go package main import ( "embed" "html/template" "net/http" "git.internal/re/gin" ) //go:embed assets/* templates/* var f embed.FS func main() { router := gin.Default() templ := template.Must(template.New("").ParseFS(f, "templates/*.tmpl", "templates/foo/*.tmpl")) router.SetHTMLTemplate(templ) // example: /public/assets/images/example.png router.StaticFS("/public", http.FS(f)) router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) { c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{ "title": "Main website", }) }) router.GET("/foo", func(c *gin.Context) { c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "bar.tmpl", gin.H{ "title": "Foo website", }) }) router.GET("favicon.ico", func(c *gin.Context) { file, _ := f.ReadFile("assets/favicon.ico") c.Data( http.StatusOK, "image/x-icon", file, ) }) router.Run(":8080") } ``` See a complete example in the `https://github.com/gin-gonic/examples/tree/master/assets-in-binary/example02` directory. ### Bind form-data request with custom struct The follow example using custom struct: ```go type StructA struct { FieldA string `form:"field_a"` } type StructB struct { NestedStruct StructA FieldB string `form:"field_b"` } type StructC struct { NestedStructPointer *StructA FieldC string `form:"field_c"` } type StructD struct { NestedAnonyStruct struct { FieldX string `form:"field_x"` } FieldD string `form:"field_d"` } func GetDataB(c *gin.Context) { var b StructB c.Bind(&b) c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ "a": b.NestedStruct, "b": b.FieldB, }) } func GetDataC(c *gin.Context) { var b StructC c.Bind(&b) c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ "a": b.NestedStructPointer, "c": b.FieldC, }) } func GetDataD(c *gin.Context) { var b StructD c.Bind(&b) c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{ "x": b.NestedAnonyStruct, "d": b.FieldD, }) } func main() { r := gin.Default() r.GET("/getb", GetDataB) r.GET("/getc", GetDataC) r.GET("/getd", GetDataD) r.Run() } ``` Using the command `curl` command result: ```sh $ curl "http://localhost:8080/getb?field_a=hello&field_b=world" {"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"b":"world"} $ curl "http://localhost:8080/getc?field_a=hello&field_c=world" {"a":{"FieldA":"hello"},"c":"world"} $ curl "http://localhost:8080/getd?field_x=hello&field_d=world" {"d":"world","x":{"FieldX":"hello"}} ``` ### Try to bind body into different structs The normal methods for binding request body consumes `c.Request.Body` and they cannot be called multiple times. ```go type formA struct { Foo string `json:"foo" xml:"foo" binding:"required"` } type formB struct { Bar string `json:"bar" xml:"bar" binding:"required"` } func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) { objA := formA{} objB := formB{} // This c.ShouldBind consumes c.Request.Body and it cannot be reused. if errA := c.ShouldBind(&objA); errA == nil { c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`) // Always an error is occurred by this because c.Request.Body is EOF now. } else if errB := c.ShouldBind(&objB); errB == nil { c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB`) } else { ... } } ``` For this, you can use `c.ShouldBindBodyWith`. ```go func SomeHandler(c *gin.Context) { objA := formA{} objB := formB{} // This reads c.Request.Body and stores the result into the context. if errA := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objA, binding.Form); errA == nil { c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formA`) // At this time, it reuses body stored in the context. } else if errB := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.JSON); errB == nil { c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB JSON`) // And it can accepts other formats } else if errB2 := c.ShouldBindBodyWith(&objB, binding.XML); errB2 == nil { c.String(http.StatusOK, `the body should be formB XML`) } else { ... } } ``` 1. `c.ShouldBindBodyWith` stores body into the context before binding. This has a slight impact to performance, so you should not use this method if you are enough to call binding at once. 2. This feature is only needed for some formats -- `JSON`, `XML`, `MsgPack`, `ProtoBuf`. For other formats, `Query`, `Form`, `FormPost`, `FormMultipart`, can be called by `c.ShouldBind()` multiple times without any damage to performance (See [#1341](https://git.internal/re/gin/pull/1341)). ### Bind form-data request with custom struct and custom tag ```go const ( customerTag = "url" defaultMemory = 32 << 20 ) type customerBinding struct {} func (customerBinding) Name() string { return "form" } func (customerBinding) Bind(req *http.Request, obj interface{}) error { if err := req.ParseForm(); err != nil { return err } if err := req.ParseMultipartForm(defaultMemory); err != nil { if err != http.ErrNotMultipart { return err } } if err := binding.MapFormWithTag(obj, req.Form, customerTag); err != nil { return err } return validate(obj) } func validate(obj interface{}) error { if binding.Validator == nil { return nil } return binding.Validator.ValidateStruct(obj) } // Now we can do this!!! // FormA is an external type that we can't modify it's tag type FormA struct { FieldA string `url:"field_a"` } func ListHandler(s *Service) func(ctx *gin.Context) { return func(ctx *gin.Context) { var urlBinding = customerBinding{} var opt FormA err := ctx.MustBindWith(&opt, urlBinding) if err != nil { ... } ... } } ``` ### http2 server push http.Pusher is supported only **go1.8+**. See the [golang blog](https://go.dev/blog/h2push) for detail information. ```go package main import ( "html/template" "log" "net/http" "git.internal/re/gin" ) var html = template.Must(template.New("https").Parse(`