forked from mirror/ants
372 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
372 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
<p align="center">
|
||
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/panjf2000/logos/master/ants/logo.png" />
|
||
<b>A goroutine pool for Go</b>
|
||
<br/><br/>
|
||
<a title="Build Status" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/panjf2000/ants/actions?query=workflow%3ATests"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/workflow/status/panjf2000/ants/Tests?style=flat-square&logo=github-actions" /></a>
|
||
<a title="Codecov" target="_blank" href="https://codecov.io/gh/panjf2000/ants"><img src="https://img.shields.io/codecov/c/github/panjf2000/ants?style=flat-square&logo=codecov" /></a>
|
||
<a title="Release" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/panjf2000/ants/releases"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/panjf2000/ants.svg?color=161823&style=flat-square&logo=smartthings" /></a>
|
||
<a title="Tag" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/panjf2000/ants/tags"><img src="https://img.shields.io/github/v/tag/panjf2000/ants?color=%23ff8936&logo=fitbit&style=flat-square" /></a>
|
||
<br/>
|
||
<a title="Chat Room" target="_blank" href="https://gitter.im/ants-pool/ants?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=body_badge"><img src="https://badges.gitter.im/ants-pool/ants.svg" /></a>
|
||
<a title="Go Report Card" target="_blank" href="https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/panjf2000/ants"><img src="https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/panjf2000/ants?style=flat-square" /></a>
|
||
<a title="Doc for ants" target="_blank" href="https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/panjf2000/ants/v2?tab=doc"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/go.dev-doc-007d9c?style=flat-square&logo=read-the-docs" /></a>
|
||
<a title="Mentioned in Awesome Go" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/avelino/awesome-go#goroutines"><img src="https://awesome.re/mentioned-badge-flat.svg" /></a>
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
English | [🇨🇳中文](README_ZH.md)
|
||
|
||
## 📖 Introduction
|
||
|
||
Library `ants` implements a goroutine pool with fixed capacity, managing and recycling a massive number of goroutines, allowing developers to limit the number of goroutines in your concurrent programs.
|
||
|
||
## 🚀 Features:
|
||
|
||
- Managing and recycling a massive number of goroutines automatically
|
||
- Purging overdue goroutines periodically
|
||
- Abundant APIs: submitting tasks, getting the number of running goroutines, tuning capacity of pool dynamically, releasing pool, rebooting pool
|
||
- Handle panic gracefully to prevent programs from crash
|
||
- Efficient in memory usage and it even achieves [higher performance](#-performance-summary) than unlimited goroutines in Golang
|
||
- Nonblocking mechanism
|
||
|
||
## ⚔️ Tested in the following Golang releases:
|
||
|
||
All releases from **Go1.8.x** to **Go1.16.x**.
|
||
|
||
## 💡 How `ants` works
|
||
|
||
### Flow Diagram
|
||
|
||
<p align="center">
|
||
<img width="1011" alt="ants-flowchart-en" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/7496278/66396509-7b42e700-ea0c-11e9-8612-b71a4b734683.png">
|
||
</p>
|
||
|
||
### Activity Diagrams
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 🧰 How to install
|
||
|
||
### For `ants` v1
|
||
|
||
``` powershell
|
||
go get -u github.com/panjf2000/ants
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### For `ants` v2 (with GO111MODULE=on)
|
||
|
||
```powershell
|
||
go get -u github.com/panjf2000/ants/v2
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 🛠 How to use
|
||
Just take a imagination that your program starts a massive number of goroutines, resulting in a huge consumption of memory. To mitigate that kind of situation, all you need to do is to import `ants` package and submit all your tasks to a default pool with fixed capacity, activated when package `ants` is imported:
|
||
|
||
``` go
|
||
package main
|
||
|
||
import (
|
||
"fmt"
|
||
"sync"
|
||
"sync/atomic"
|
||
"time"
|
||
|
||
"github.com/panjf2000/ants/v2"
|
||
)
|
||
|
||
var sum int32
|
||
|
||
func myFunc(i interface{}) {
|
||
n := i.(int32)
|
||
atomic.AddInt32(&sum, n)
|
||
fmt.Printf("run with %d\n", n)
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func demoFunc() {
|
||
time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
|
||
fmt.Println("Hello World!")
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
func main() {
|
||
defer ants.Release()
|
||
|
||
runTimes := 1000
|
||
|
||
// Use the common pool.
|
||
var wg sync.WaitGroup
|
||
syncCalculateSum := func() {
|
||
demoFunc()
|
||
wg.Done()
|
||
}
|
||
for i := 0; i < runTimes; i++ {
|
||
wg.Add(1)
|
||
_ = ants.Submit(syncCalculateSum)
|
||
}
|
||
wg.Wait()
|
||
fmt.Printf("running goroutines: %d\n", ants.Running())
|
||
fmt.Printf("finish all tasks.\n")
|
||
|
||
// Use the pool with a function,
|
||
// set 10 to the capacity of goroutine pool and 1 second for expired duration.
|
||
p, _ := ants.NewPoolWithFunc(10, func(i interface{}) {
|
||
myFunc(i)
|
||
wg.Done()
|
||
})
|
||
defer p.Release()
|
||
// Submit tasks one by one.
|
||
for i := 0; i < runTimes; i++ {
|
||
wg.Add(1)
|
||
_ = p.Invoke(int32(i))
|
||
}
|
||
wg.Wait()
|
||
fmt.Printf("running goroutines: %d\n", p.Running())
|
||
fmt.Printf("finish all tasks, result is %d\n", sum)
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Functional options for ants pool
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// Option represents the optional function.
|
||
type Option func(opts *Options)
|
||
|
||
// Options contains all options which will be applied when instantiating a ants pool.
|
||
type Options struct {
|
||
// ExpiryDuration is a period for the scavenger goroutine to clean up those expired workers,
|
||
// the scavenger scans all workers every `ExpiryDuration` and clean up those workers that haven't been
|
||
// used for more than `ExpiryDuration`.
|
||
ExpiryDuration time.Duration
|
||
|
||
// PreAlloc indicates whether to make memory pre-allocation when initializing Pool.
|
||
PreAlloc bool
|
||
|
||
// Max number of goroutine blocking on pool.Submit.
|
||
// 0 (default value) means no such limit.
|
||
MaxBlockingTasks int
|
||
|
||
// When Nonblocking is true, Pool.Submit will never be blocked.
|
||
// ErrPoolOverload will be returned when Pool.Submit cannot be done at once.
|
||
// When Nonblocking is true, MaxBlockingTasks is inoperative.
|
||
Nonblocking bool
|
||
|
||
// PanicHandler is used to handle panics from each worker goroutine.
|
||
// if nil, panics will be thrown out again from worker goroutines.
|
||
PanicHandler func(interface{})
|
||
|
||
// Logger is the customized logger for logging info, if it is not set,
|
||
// default standard logger from log package is used.
|
||
Logger Logger
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// WithOptions accepts the whole options config.
|
||
func WithOptions(options Options) Option {
|
||
return func(opts *Options) {
|
||
*opts = options
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// WithExpiryDuration sets up the interval time of cleaning up goroutines.
|
||
func WithExpiryDuration(expiryDuration time.Duration) Option {
|
||
return func(opts *Options) {
|
||
opts.ExpiryDuration = expiryDuration
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// WithPreAlloc indicates whether it should malloc for workers.
|
||
func WithPreAlloc(preAlloc bool) Option {
|
||
return func(opts *Options) {
|
||
opts.PreAlloc = preAlloc
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// WithMaxBlockingTasks sets up the maximum number of goroutines that are blocked when it reaches the capacity of pool.
|
||
func WithMaxBlockingTasks(maxBlockingTasks int) Option {
|
||
return func(opts *Options) {
|
||
opts.MaxBlockingTasks = maxBlockingTasks
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// WithNonblocking indicates that pool will return nil when there is no available workers.
|
||
func WithNonblocking(nonblocking bool) Option {
|
||
return func(opts *Options) {
|
||
opts.Nonblocking = nonblocking
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// WithPanicHandler sets up panic handler.
|
||
func WithPanicHandler(panicHandler func(interface{})) Option {
|
||
return func(opts *Options) {
|
||
opts.PanicHandler = panicHandler
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// WithLogger sets up a customized logger.
|
||
func WithLogger(logger Logger) Option {
|
||
return func(opts *Options) {
|
||
opts.Logger = logger
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`ants.Options`contains all optional configurations of ants pool, which allows you to customize the goroutine pool by invoking option functions to set up each configuration in `NewPool`/`NewPoolWithFunc`method.
|
||
|
||
### Customize limited pool
|
||
|
||
`ants` also supports customizing the capacity of pool. You can invoke the `NewPool` method to instantiate a pool with a given capacity, as following:
|
||
|
||
``` go
|
||
// Set 10000 the size of goroutine pool
|
||
p, _ := ants.NewPool(10000)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Submit tasks
|
||
Tasks can be submitted by calling `ants.Submit(func())`
|
||
```go
|
||
ants.Submit(func(){})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Tune pool capacity in runtime
|
||
You can tune the capacity of `ants` pool in runtime with `Tune(int)`:
|
||
|
||
``` go
|
||
pool.Tune(1000) // Tune its capacity to 1000
|
||
pool.Tune(100000) // Tune its capacity to 100000
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Don't worry about the synchronous problems in this case, the method here is thread-safe (or should be called goroutine-safe).
|
||
|
||
### Pre-malloc goroutine queue in pool
|
||
|
||
`ants` allows you to pre-allocate memory of goroutine queue in pool, which may get a performance enhancement under some special certain circumstances such as the scenario that requires a pool with ultra-large capacity, meanwhile each task in goroutine lasts for a long time, in this case, pre-mallocing will reduce a lot of memory allocation in goroutine queue.
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// ants will pre-malloc the whole capacity of pool when you invoke this method
|
||
p, _ := ants.NewPool(100000, ants.WithPreAlloc(true))
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Release Pool
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
pool.Release()
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Reboot Pool
|
||
|
||
```go
|
||
// A pool that has been released can be still used once you invoke the Reboot().
|
||
pool.Reboot()
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## ⚙️ About sequence
|
||
|
||
All tasks submitted to `ants` pool will not be guaranteed to be addressed in order, because those tasks scatter among a series of concurrent workers, thus those tasks would be executed concurrently.
|
||
|
||
## 🧲 Benchmarks
|
||
|
||
<div align="center"><img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/7496278/51515466-c7ce9e00-1e4e-11e9-89c4-bd3785b3c667.png"/></div>
|
||
In this benchmark result, the first and second benchmarks performed test cases with 1M tasks and the rest of benchmarks performed test cases with 10M tasks, both in unlimited goroutines and `ants` pool, and the capacity of this `ants` goroutine-pool was limited to 50K.
|
||
|
||
- BenchmarkGoroutine-4 represents the benchmarks with unlimited goroutines in golang.
|
||
|
||
- BenchmarkPoolGroutine-4 represents the benchmarks with a `ants` pool.
|
||
|
||
### Benchmarks with Pool
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
In above benchmark result, the first and second benchmarks performed test cases with 1M tasks and the rest of benchmarks performed test cases with 10M tasks, both in unlimited goroutines and `ants` pool, and the capacity of this `ants` goroutine-pool was limited to 50K.
|
||
|
||
**As you can see, `ants` performs 2 times faster than goroutines without pool (10M tasks) and it only consumes half the memory comparing with goroutines without pool. (both in 1M and 10M tasks)**
|
||
|
||
### Benchmarks with PoolWithFunc
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Throughput (it is suitable for scenarios where tasks are submitted asynchronously without waiting for the final results)
|
||
|
||
#### 100K tasks
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### 1M tasks
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
#### 10M tasks
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 📊 Performance Summary
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
**In conclusion, `ants` performs 2~6 times faster than goroutines without a pool and the memory consumption is reduced by 10 to 20 times.**
|
||
|
||
## 👏 Contributors
|
||
|
||
Please read our [Contributing Guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md) before opening a PR and thank you to all the developers who already made contributions to `ants`!
|
||
|
||
[](https://github.com/panjf2000/ants/graphs/contributors)
|
||
|
||
## 📄 License
|
||
|
||
Source code in `ants` is available under the [MIT License](/LICENSE).
|
||
|
||
## 📚 Relevant Articles
|
||
|
||
- [Goroutine 并发调度模型深度解析之手撸一个高性能 goroutine 池](https://taohuawu.club/high-performance-implementation-of-goroutine-pool)
|
||
- [Visually Understanding Worker Pool](https://medium.com/coinmonks/visually-understanding-worker-pool-48a83b7fc1f5)
|
||
- [The Case For A Go Worker Pool](https://brandur.org/go-worker-pool)
|
||
- [Go Concurrency - GoRoutines, Worker Pools and Throttling Made Simple](https://twinnation.org/articles/39/go-concurrency-goroutines-worker-pools-and-throttling-made-simple)
|
||
|
||
## 🖥 User cases
|
||
|
||
The following companies/organizations use `ants` in production.
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://www.tencent.com"><img src="https://img.taohuawu.club/gallery/tencent_logo.png" width="250" align="middle"/></a> <a href="https://www.bytedance.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.taohuawu.club/gallery/ByteDance_Logo.png" width="250" align="middle"/></a> <a href="https://tieba.baidu.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.taohuawu.club/gallery/baidu-tieba-logo.png" width="300" align="middle"/></a> <a href="https://www.sina.com.cn/" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.taohuawu.club/gallery/sina-logo.png" width="200" align="middle"/></a> <a href="https://www.163.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.taohuawu.club/gallery/netease-logo.png" width="150" align="middle"/></a> <a href="https://www.tencentmusic.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.taohuawu.club/gallery/tencent-music-logo.png" width="250" align="middle"/></a> <a href="https://www.futuhk.com/" target="_blank"><img src="https://img.taohuawu.club/gallery/futu-logo.png" width="250" align="middle"/></a>
|
||
|
||
If you have `ants` integrated into projects, feel free to open a pull request refreshing this list of user cases.
|
||
|
||
## 🔋 JetBrains OS licenses
|
||
|
||
`ants` had been being developed with GoLand under the **free JetBrains Open Source license(s)** granted by JetBrains s.r.o., hence I would like to express my thanks here.
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/?from=ants" target="_blank"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/panjf2000/illustrations/master/jetbrains/jetbrains-variant-4.png" width="250" align="middle"/></a>
|
||
|
||
## 💰 Backers
|
||
|
||
Support us with a monthly donation and help us continue our activities.
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://opencollective.com/ants#backers" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/ants/backers.svg"></a>
|
||
|
||
## 💎 Sponsors
|
||
|
||
Become a bronze sponsor with a monthly donation of $10 and get your logo on our README on Github.
|
||
|
||
<a href="https://opencollective.com/ants#sponsors" target="_blank"><img src="https://opencollective.com/ants/sponsors.svg"></a>
|
||
|
||
## ☕️ Buy me a coffee
|
||
|
||
> Please be sure to leave your name, GitHub account or other social media accounts when you donate by the following means so that I can add it to the list of donors as a token of my appreciation.
|
||
|
||
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/panjf2000/illustrations/master/payments/WeChatPay.JPG" width="250" align="middle"/>
|
||
<img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/panjf2000/illustrations/master/payments/AliPay.JPG" width="250" align="middle"/>
|
||
<a href="https://www.paypal.me/R136a1X" target="_blank"><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/panjf2000/illustrations/master/payments/PayPal.JPG" width="250" align="middle"/></a>
|
||
|
||
## 💵 Patrons
|
||
|
||
<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/patrick-othmer"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/8964313" width="100" alt="Patrick Othmer" /></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/panjf2000/gnet"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/50285334" width="100" alt="Jimmy" /></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/cafra"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13758306" width="100" alt="ChenZhen" /></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/yangwenmai"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1710912" width="100" alt="Mai Yang" /></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/BeijingWks"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/33656339" width="100" alt="王开帅" /></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/refs"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/6905948" width="100" alt="Unger Alejandro" /></a> <a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/Wuvist"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/657796" width="100" alt="Weng Wei" /></a>
|
||
|
||
## 🔋 Sponsorship
|
||
|
||
<p>
|
||
<a href="https://www.digitalocean.com/">
|
||
<img src="https://opensource.nyc3.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/attribution/assets/PoweredByDO/DO_Powered_by_Badge_blue.svg" width="201px">
|
||
</a>
|
||
</p>
|