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reorganize and update readme
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Steve Francia
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README.md
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README.md
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@ -4,71 +4,49 @@ A FileSystem Abstraction System for Go
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[](https://travis-ci.org/spf13/afero) [](https://godoc.org/github.com/spf13/afero)
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## Overview
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# Overview
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Package Afero provides types and methods for interacting with the filesystem,
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as an abstraction layer.
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Afero is an filesystem framework providing a simple, uniform and universal API
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interacting with any filesystem, as an abstraction layer providing interfaces,
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types and methods. Afero has an exceptionally clean interface and simple design
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without needless constructors or initialization methods.
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It provides a few implementations that are largely interoperable. One that
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uses the operating system filesystem, one that uses memory to store files
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(cross platform) and an interface that should be implemented if you want to
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provide your own filesystem.
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Afero is also a library providing a base set of interoperable backend
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filesystems that make it easy to work with afero while retaining all the power
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and benefit of the os and ioutil packages.
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It is suitable for use in a any situation where you would consider using
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the OS package as it provides an additional abstraction that makes it
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easy to use a memory backed file system during testing. It also adds
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support for the http filesystem for full interoperability.
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Afero provides significant improvements over using the os package alone, most
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notably the ability to create mock and testing filesystems without relying on the disk.
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Afero has an exceptionally clean interface and simple design without needless
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constructors or initialization methods.
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## The name
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Initially this project was called fs. Unfortunately as I used it, the
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name proved confusing, there were too many fs’. In looking for
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alternatives I looked up the word 'abstract' in a variety of different
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languages. Afero is the Greek word for abstract and it seemed to be a
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fitting name for the project. It also means ‘to do’ or ‘thing’ in
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Esperanto which is also fitting.
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## Interface
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Afero simply takes the interfaces already defined throughout the standard
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library and unifies them into a pair of interfaces that satisfy all
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known uses. One interface for a file and one for a filesystem.
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## Filesystems
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Afero additionally comes with a few filesystems and file implementations
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ready to use.
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### OsFs
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The first is simply a wrapper around the native OS calls. This makes it
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very easy to use as all of the calls are the same as the existing OS
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calls. It also makes it trivial to have your code use the OS during
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operation and a mock filesystem during testing or as needed.
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### MemMapFs
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Afero also provides a fully atomic memory backed filesystem perfect for use in
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mocking and to speed up unnecessary disk io when persistence isn’t
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necessary. It is fully concurrent and will work within go routines
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safely.
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#### InMemoryFile
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As part of MemMapFs, Afero also provides an atomic, fully concurrent memory
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backed file implementation. This can be used in other memory backed file
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systems with ease. Plans are to add a radix tree memory stored file
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system using InMemoryFile.
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## Usage
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It is suitable for use in a any situation where you would consider using the OS
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package as it provides an additional abstraction that makes it easy to use a
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memory backed file system during testing. It also adds support for the http
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filesystem for full interoperability.
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### Installing
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Using Afero is easy. First use go get to install the latest version
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of the library.
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## Afero Features
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* A single consistent API for accessing a variety of filesystems
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* Interoperation between a variety of file system types
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* A set of interfaces to encourage and enforce interoperability between backends
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* An atomic cross platform memory backed file system
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* Support for compositional file systems by joining various different file systems (see httpFs)
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# Using Afero
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Afero is easy to use and easier to adopt.
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A few different ways you could use Afero:
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* Use the interfaces alone to define you own file system.
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* Wrap for the OS packages.
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* Define different filesystems for different parts of your application.
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* Use Afero for mock filesystems while testing
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## Step 1: Install Afero
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First use go get to install the latest version of the library.
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$ go get github.com/spf13/afero
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@ -76,13 +54,8 @@ Next include Afero in your application.
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import "github.com/spf13/afero"
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## Using Afero
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There are a few different ways to use Afero. You could use the
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interfaces alone to define you own file system. You could use it as a
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wrapper for the OS packages. You could use it to define different
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filesystems for different parts of your application. Here we will
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demonstrate a basic usage.
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## Step 2: Declare a backend
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First define a package variable and set it to a pointer to a filesystem.
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@ -97,8 +70,21 @@ will be using a completely new and isolated filesystem. In the case of
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OsFs it will still use the same underlying filesystem but will reduce
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the ability to drop in other filesystems as desired.
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Then throughout your functions and methods use the methods familiar
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already from the OS package.
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## Step 3: Use it like you would the OS package
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Throughout your application use any function and method like you normally
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would.
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So if my application before had:
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os.Open('/tmp/foo')
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We would replace it with a call to `AppFs.Open('/tmp/foo')`.
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`AppFs` being the variable we defined above.
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## List of all available functions
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File System Methods Available:
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@ -131,28 +117,65 @@ File Interfaces and Methods Available:
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Sync() : error
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Truncate(size int64) : error
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WriteString(s string) : ret int, err error
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In our case we would call `AppFs.Open()` as an example because that is how we’ve defined to
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access our filesystem.
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In some applications it may make sense to define a new package that
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simply exports the file system variable for easy access from anywhere.
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## Using Afero for Testing
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### Using a Mock Filesystem for Testing
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There is a large benefit to using a mock filesystem for testing. It has a
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completely blank state every time it is initialized and can be easily
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reproducible regardless of OS. You could create files to your heart’s content
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and the file access would be fast while also saving you from all the annoying
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issues with deleting temporary files, Windows file locking, etc. The MemMapFs
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backend is perfect for testing.
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There is a large benefit to using a mock filesystem for testing. It has
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a completely blank state every time it is initialized and can be easily
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reproducible regardless of OS. It is also faster than disk which makes
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the tests run faster. Lastly it doesn’t require any clean up after tests
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are run.
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* Much faster than performing I/O operations on disk
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* Avoid security issues and permissions
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* Far more control. 'rm -rf /' with confidence
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* Test setup is far more easier to do
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* No test cleanup needed
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One way to accomplish this is to define a variable as mentioned above.
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In your application this will be set to &afero.OsFs{} during testing you
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can set it to &afero.MemMapFs{}.
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### Using with Http
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It wouldn't be uncommon to have each test initialize a blank slate memory
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backend. To do this I would define my `appFS = &afero.OsFs{}` somewhere
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appropriate in my application code. This approach ensures that Tests are order
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independent, with no test relying on the state left by an earlier test.
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Then in my tests I would initialize a new MemMapFs for each test:
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func TestExist(t *testing.T) {
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appFS = &afero.MemMapFs{}
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// create test files and directories
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appFS.MkdirAll("src/a", 0755))
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appFS.WriteFile("src/a/b", []byte("file b"), 0644)
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appFS.WriteFile("src/c", []byte("file c"), 0644)
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testExistence("src/c", true, t)
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}
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func testExistence(name string, e bool, t *testing.T) {
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_, err := appFS.Stat(name)
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if os.IsNotExist(err) {
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if e {
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t.Errorf("file \"%s\" does not exist.\n", name)
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}
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} else if err != nil {
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panic(err)
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} else {
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if !e {
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t.Errorf("file \"%s\" exists.\n", name)
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}
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}
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}
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## Using Afero with Http
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Afero provides an http compatible backend which can wrap any of the existing
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backends.
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The Http package requires a slightly specific version of Open which
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returns an http.File type.
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@ -164,8 +187,54 @@ Any Afero FileSystem can be used as an httpFs.
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fileserver := http.FileServer(httpFs.Dir(<PATH>)))
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http.Handle("/", fileserver)
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# Available Backends
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## OsFs
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The first is simply a wrapper around the native OS calls. This makes it
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very easy to use as all of the calls are the same as the existing OS
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calls. It also makes it trivial to have your code use the OS during
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operation and a mock filesystem during testing or as needed.
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## MemMapFs
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Afero also provides a fully atomic memory backed filesystem perfect for use in
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mocking and to speed up unnecessary disk io when persistence isn’t
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necessary. It is fully concurrent and will work within go routines
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safely.
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### InMemoryFile
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As part of MemMapFs, Afero also provides an atomic, fully concurrent memory
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backed file implementation. This can be used in other memory backed file
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systems with ease. Plans are to add a radix tree memory stored file
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system using InMemoryFile.
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## Desired/possible backends
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The following is a short list of possible backends we hope someone will
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implement:
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* SSH/SCP
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* ZIP
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* TAR
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* S3
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* Mem buffering to disk/network
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* BasePath (where all paths are relative to a fixed basepath)
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# About the project
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## The name
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Initially this project was called fs. Unfortunately as I used it, the
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name proved confusing, there were too many fs’. In looking for
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alternatives I looked up the word 'abstract' in a variety of different
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languages. Afero is the Greek word for abstract and it seemed to be a
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fitting name for the project. It also means ‘to do’ or ‘thing’ in
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Esperanto which is also fitting.
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## Release Notes
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* **0.9.0** 2015.11.05
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* New Walk function similar to filepath.Walk
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* MemMapFs.OpenFile handles O_CREATE, O_APPEND, O_TRUNC
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@ -198,4 +267,5 @@ Names in no particular order:
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## License
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Afero is released under the Apache 2.0 license. See [LICENSE.txt](https://github.com/spf13/afero/blob/master/LICENSE.txt)
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Afero is released under the Apache 2.0 license. See
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[LICENSE.txt](https://github.com/spf13/afero/blob/master/LICENSE.txt)
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