# NATS - Go Client
A [Go](http://golang.org) client for the [NATS messaging system](https://nats.io).

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## Installation

```bash
# Go client
go get github.com/nats-io/go-nats

# Server
go get github.com/nats-io/gnatsd
```

## Basic Usage

```go

nc, _ := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)

// Simple Publisher
nc.Publish("foo", []byte("Hello World"))

// Simple Async Subscriber
nc.Subscribe("foo", func(m *nats.Msg) {
    fmt.Printf("Received a message: %s\n", string(m.Data))
})

// Simple Sync Subscriber
sub, err := nc.SubscribeSync("foo")
m, err := sub.NextMsg(timeout)

// Channel Subscriber
ch := make(chan *nats.Msg, 64)
sub, err := nc.ChanSubscribe("foo", ch)
msg := <- ch

// Unsubscribe
sub.Unsubscribe()

// Requests
msg, err := nc.Request("help", []byte("help me"), 10*time.Millisecond)

// Replies
nc.Subscribe("help", func(m *Msg) {
    nc.Publish(m.Reply, []byte("I can help!"))
})

// Close connection
nc, _ := nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4222")
nc.Close();
```

## Encoded Connections

```go

nc, _ := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)
c, _ := nats.NewEncodedConn(nc, nats.JSON_ENCODER)
defer c.Close()

// Simple Publisher
c.Publish("foo", "Hello World")

// Simple Async Subscriber
c.Subscribe("foo", func(s string) {
    fmt.Printf("Received a message: %s\n", s)
})

// EncodedConn can Publish any raw Go type using the registered Encoder
type person struct {
     Name     string
     Address  string
     Age      int
}

// Go type Subscriber
c.Subscribe("hello", func(p *person) {
    fmt.Printf("Received a person: %+v\n", p)
})

me := &person{Name: "derek", Age: 22, Address: "140 New Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA"}

// Go type Publisher
c.Publish("hello", me)

// Unsubscribe
sub, err := c.Subscribe("foo", nil)
...
sub.Unsubscribe()

// Requests
var response string
err := c.Request("help", "help me", &response, 10*time.Millisecond)
if err != nil {
    fmt.Printf("Request failed: %v\n", err)
}

// Replying
c.Subscribe("help", func(subj, reply string, msg string) {
    c.Publish(reply, "I can help!")
})

// Close connection
c.Close();
```

## TLS

```go
// tls as a scheme will enable secure connections by default. This will also verify the server name.
nc, err := nats.Connect("tls://nats.demo.io:4443")

// If you are using a self-signed certificate, you need to have a tls.Config with RootCAs setup.
// We provide a helper method to make this case easier.
nc, err = nats.Connect("tls://localhost:4443", nats.RootCAs("./configs/certs/ca.pem"))

// If the server requires client certificate, there is an helper function for that too:
cert := nats.ClientCert("./configs/certs/client-cert.pem", "./configs/certs/client-key.pem")
nc, err = nats.Connect("tls://localhost:4443", cert)

// You can also supply a complete tls.Config

certFile := "./configs/certs/client-cert.pem"
keyFile := "./configs/certs/client-key.pem"
cert, err := tls.LoadX509KeyPair(certFile, keyFile)
if err != nil {
    t.Fatalf("error parsing X509 certificate/key pair: %v", err)
}

config := &tls.Config{
    ServerName: 	opts.Host,
    Certificates: 	[]tls.Certificate{cert},
    RootCAs:    	pool,
    MinVersion: 	tls.VersionTLS12,
}

nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4443", nats.Secure(config))
if err != nil {
	t.Fatalf("Got an error on Connect with Secure Options: %+v\n", err)
}

```

## Using Go Channels (netchan)

```go
nc, _ := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)
ec, _ := nats.NewEncodedConn(nc, nats.JSON_ENCODER)
defer ec.Close()

type person struct {
     Name     string
     Address  string
     Age      int
}

recvCh := make(chan *person)
ec.BindRecvChan("hello", recvCh)

sendCh := make(chan *person)
ec.BindSendChan("hello", sendCh)

me := &person{Name: "derek", Age: 22, Address: "140 New Montgomery Street"}

// Send via Go channels
sendCh <- me

// Receive via Go channels
who := <- recvCh
```

## Wildcard Subscriptions

```go

// "*" matches any token, at any level of the subject.
nc.Subscribe("foo.*.baz", func(m *Msg) {
    fmt.Printf("Msg received on [%s] : %s\n", m.Subject, string(m.Data));
})

nc.Subscribe("foo.bar.*", func(m *Msg) {
    fmt.Printf("Msg received on [%s] : %s\n", m.Subject, string(m.Data));
})

// ">" matches any length of the tail of a subject, and can only be the last token
// E.g. 'foo.>' will match 'foo.bar', 'foo.bar.baz', 'foo.foo.bar.bax.22'
nc.Subscribe("foo.>", func(m *Msg) {
    fmt.Printf("Msg received on [%s] : %s\n", m.Subject, string(m.Data));
})

// Matches all of the above
nc.Publish("foo.bar.baz", []byte("Hello World"))

```

## Queue Groups

```go
// All subscriptions with the same queue name will form a queue group.
// Each message will be delivered to only one subscriber per queue group,
// using queuing semantics. You can have as many queue groups as you wish.
// Normal subscribers will continue to work as expected.

nc.QueueSubscribe("foo", "job_workers", func(_ *Msg) {
  received += 1;
})

```

## Advanced Usage

```go

// Flush connection to server, returns when all messages have been processed.
nc.Flush()
fmt.Println("All clear!")

// FlushTimeout specifies a timeout value as well.
err := nc.FlushTimeout(1*time.Second)
if err != nil {
    fmt.Println("All clear!")
} else {
    fmt.Println("Flushed timed out!")
}

// Auto-unsubscribe after MAX_WANTED messages received
const MAX_WANTED = 10
sub, err := nc.Subscribe("foo")
sub.AutoUnsubscribe(MAX_WANTED)

// Multiple connections
nc1 := nats.Connect("nats://host1:4222")
nc2 := nats.Connect("nats://host2:4222")

nc1.Subscribe("foo", func(m *Msg) {
    fmt.Printf("Received a message: %s\n", string(m.Data))
})

nc2.Publish("foo", []byte("Hello World!"));

```

## Clustered Usage

```go

var servers = "nats://localhost:1222, nats://localhost:1223, nats://localhost:1224"

nc, err := nats.Connect(servers)

// Optionally set ReconnectWait and MaxReconnect attempts.
// This example means 10 seconds total per backend.
nc, err = nats.Connect(servers, nats.MaxReconnects(5), nats.ReconnectWait(2 * time.Second))

// Optionally disable randomization of the server pool
nc, err = nats.Connect(servers, nats.DontRandomize())

// Setup callbacks to be notified on disconnects, reconnects and connection closed.
nc, err = nats.Connect(servers,
	nats.DisconnectHandler(func(nc *nats.Conn) {
		fmt.Printf("Got disconnected!\n")
	}),
	nats.ReconnectHandler(func(_ *nats.Conn) {
		fmt.Printf("Got reconnected to %v!\n", nc.ConnectedUrl())
	}),
	nats.ClosedHandler(func(nc *nats.Conn) {
		fmt.Printf("Connection closed. Reason: %q\n", nc.LastError())
	})
)

// When connecting to a mesh of servers with auto-discovery capabilities,
// you may need to provide a username/password or token in order to connect
// to any server in that mesh when authentication is required.
// Instead of providing the credentials in the initial URL, you will use
// new option setters:
nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4222", nats.UserInfo("foo", "bar"))

// For token based authentication:
nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4222", nats.Token("S3cretT0ken"))

// You can even pass the two at the same time in case one of the server
// in the mesh requires token instead of user name and password.
nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://localhost:4222",
    nats.UserInfo("foo", "bar"),
    nats.Token("S3cretT0ken"))

// Note that if credentials are specified in the initial URLs, they take
// precedence on the credentials specfied through the options.
// For instance, in the connect call below, the client library will use
// the user "my" and password "pwd" to connect to locahost:4222, however,
// it will use username "foo" and password "bar" when (re)connecting to
// a different server URL that it got as part of the auto-discovery.
nc, err = nats.Connect("nats://my:pwd@localhost:4222", nats.UserInfo("foo", "bar"))

```

## Context support (+Go 1.7)

```go
ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
defer cancel()

nc, err := nats.Connect(nats.DefaultURL)

// Request with context
msg, err := nc.RequestWithContext(ctx, "foo", []byte("bar"))

// Synchronous subscriber with context
sub, err := nc.SubscribeSync("foo")
msg, err := sub.NextMsgWithContext(ctx)

// Encoded Request with context
c, err := nats.NewEncodedConn(nc, nats.JSON_ENCODER)
type request struct {
	Message string `json:"message"`
}
type response struct {
	Code int `json:"code"`
}
req := &request{Message: "Hello"}
resp := &response{}
err := c.RequestWithContext(ctx, "foo", req, resp)
```

## License

Unless otherwise noted, the NATS source files are distributed
under the Apache Version 2.0 license found in the LICENSE file.

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