From c299cb8db606d4cc784f2861a597b5970f5e8c09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jinzhu <wosmvp@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 26 May 2020 09:48:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] Refactor association

---
 association.go                        |  197 ++--
 tests/associations_belongs_to_test.go |  216 +++++
 tests/associations_has_many_test.go   |  456 ++++++++++
 tests/associations_has_one_test.go    |  241 +++++
 tests/associations_many2many_test.go  |  299 +++++++
 tests/associations_test.go            | 1185 +------------------------
 6 files changed, 1311 insertions(+), 1283 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/associations_belongs_to_test.go
 create mode 100644 tests/associations_has_many_test.go
 create mode 100644 tests/associations_has_one_test.go
 create mode 100644 tests/associations_many2many_test.go

diff --git a/association.go b/association.go
index 4871a72f..5b777465 100644
--- a/association.go
+++ b/association.go
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ func (association *Association) Find(out interface{}, conds ...interface{}) erro
 	if association.Error == nil {
 		var (
 			queryConds = association.Relationship.ToQueryConditions(association.DB.Statement.ReflectValue)
-			tx         = association.DB.Model(out).Table("")
+			tx         = association.DB.Model(out)
 		)
 
 		if association.Relationship.JoinTable != nil {
@@ -80,10 +80,12 @@ func (association *Association) Append(values ...interface{}) error {
 
 func (association *Association) Replace(values ...interface{}) error {
 	if association.Error == nil {
+		// save associations
 		association.saveAssociation(true, values...)
+
+		// set old associations's foreign key to null
 		reflectValue := association.DB.Statement.ReflectValue
 		rel := association.Relationship
-
 		switch rel.Type {
 		case schema.BelongsTo:
 			if len(values) == 0 {
@@ -97,21 +99,17 @@ func (association *Association) Replace(values ...interface{}) error {
 			}
 		case schema.HasOne, schema.HasMany:
 			var (
-				tx             = association.DB
-				primaryFields  []*schema.Field
-				foreignKeys    []string
-				updateMap      = map[string]interface{}{}
-				relPrimaryKeys = []string{}
-				relValues      = schema.GetRelationsValues(reflectValue, []*schema.Relationship{rel})
-				modelValue     = reflect.New(rel.FieldSchema.ModelType).Interface()
+				primaryFields []*schema.Field
+				foreignKeys   []string
+				updateMap     = map[string]interface{}{}
+				relValues     = schema.GetRelationsValues(reflectValue, []*schema.Relationship{rel})
+				modelValue    = reflect.New(rel.FieldSchema.ModelType).Interface()
+				tx            = association.DB.Model(modelValue)
 			)
 
-			for _, field := range rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFields {
-				relPrimaryKeys = append(relPrimaryKeys, field.DBName)
-			}
-			if _, qvs := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMap(relValues, rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFields); len(qvs) > 0 {
-				if column, values := schema.ToQueryValues(relPrimaryKeys, qvs); len(values) > 0 {
-					tx = tx.Not(clause.IN{Column: column, Values: values})
+			if _, rvs := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMap(relValues, rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFields); len(rvs) > 0 {
+				if column, values := schema.ToQueryValues(rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFieldDBNames, rvs); len(values) > 0 {
+					tx.Not(clause.IN{Column: column, Values: values})
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -120,16 +118,22 @@ func (association *Association) Replace(values ...interface{}) error {
 					primaryFields = append(primaryFields, ref.PrimaryKey)
 					foreignKeys = append(foreignKeys, ref.ForeignKey.DBName)
 					updateMap[ref.ForeignKey.DBName] = nil
+				} else if ref.PrimaryValue != "" {
+					tx.Where(clause.Eq{Column: ref.ForeignKey.DBName, Value: ref.PrimaryValue})
 				}
 			}
-			if _, qvs := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMap(reflectValue, primaryFields); len(qvs) > 0 {
-				column, values := schema.ToQueryValues(foreignKeys, qvs)
-				tx.Model(modelValue).Where(clause.IN{Column: column, Values: values}).UpdateColumns(updateMap)
+
+			if _, pvs := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMap(reflectValue, primaryFields); len(pvs) > 0 {
+				column, values := schema.ToQueryValues(foreignKeys, pvs)
+				tx.Where(clause.IN{Column: column, Values: values}).UpdateColumns(updateMap)
 			}
 		case schema.Many2Many:
-			var primaryFields, relPrimaryFields []*schema.Field
-			var joinPrimaryKeys, joinRelPrimaryKeys []string
-			var conds []clause.Expression
+			var (
+				primaryFields, relPrimaryFields     []*schema.Field
+				joinPrimaryKeys, joinRelPrimaryKeys []string
+				modelValue                          = reflect.New(rel.JoinTable.ModelType).Interface()
+				tx                                  = association.DB.Model(modelValue)
+			)
 
 			for _, ref := range rel.References {
 				if ref.PrimaryValue == "" {
@@ -141,27 +145,23 @@ func (association *Association) Replace(values ...interface{}) error {
 						joinRelPrimaryKeys = append(joinRelPrimaryKeys, ref.ForeignKey.DBName)
 					}
 				} else {
-					conds = append(conds, clause.Eq{Column: ref.ForeignKey.DBName, Value: ref.PrimaryValue})
+					tx.Clauses(clause.Eq{Column: ref.ForeignKey.DBName, Value: ref.PrimaryValue})
 				}
 			}
 
-			var (
-				modelValue        = reflect.New(rel.JoinTable.ModelType).Interface()
-				_, queryValues    = schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMap(reflectValue, primaryFields)
-				_, relQueryValues = schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMapFromValues(values, relPrimaryFields)
-			)
-
-			if column, values := schema.ToQueryValues(joinPrimaryKeys, queryValues); len(values) > 0 {
-				conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: column, Values: values})
+			_, pvs := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMap(reflectValue, primaryFields)
+			if column, values := schema.ToQueryValues(joinPrimaryKeys, pvs); len(values) > 0 {
+				tx.Where(clause.IN{Column: column, Values: values})
 			} else {
 				return ErrorPrimaryKeyRequired
 			}
 
-			if relColumn, relValues := schema.ToQueryValues(joinRelPrimaryKeys, relQueryValues); len(relValues) > 0 {
-				conds = append(conds, clause.Not(clause.IN{Column: relColumn, Values: relValues}))
+			_, rvs := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMapFromValues(values, relPrimaryFields)
+			if relColumn, relValues := schema.ToQueryValues(joinRelPrimaryKeys, rvs); len(relValues) > 0 {
+				tx.Where(clause.Not(clause.IN{Column: relColumn, Values: relValues}))
 			}
 
-			association.DB.Where(clause.Where{Exprs: conds}).Model(nil).Delete(modelValue)
+			tx.Delete(modelValue)
 		}
 	}
 	return association.Error
@@ -172,7 +172,6 @@ func (association *Association) Delete(values ...interface{}) error {
 		var (
 			reflectValue                 = association.DB.Statement.ReflectValue
 			rel                          = association.Relationship
-			tx                           = association.DB
 			primaryFields, foreignFields []*schema.Field
 			foreignKeys                  []string
 			updateAttrs                  = map[string]interface{}{}
@@ -191,35 +190,36 @@ func (association *Association) Delete(values ...interface{}) error {
 		}
 
 		switch rel.Type {
-		case schema.HasOne, schema.HasMany:
-			var (
-				modelValue        = reflect.New(rel.FieldSchema.ModelType).Interface()
-				_, queryValues    = schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMap(reflectValue, primaryFields)
-				_, relQueryValues = schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMapFromValues(values, rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFields)
-			)
-
-			column, values := schema.ToQueryValues(foreignKeys, queryValues)
-			conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: column, Values: values})
-			relColumn, relValues := schema.ToQueryValues(rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFieldDBNames, relQueryValues)
-			conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: relColumn, Values: relValues})
-
-			tx.Session(&Session{}).Model(modelValue).Clauses(conds...).UpdateColumns(updateAttrs)
 		case schema.BelongsTo:
-			var (
-				modelValue        = reflect.New(rel.Schema.ModelType).Interface()
-				_, queryValues    = schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMap(reflectValue, rel.Schema.PrimaryFields)
-				_, relQueryValues = schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMapFromValues(values, primaryFields)
-			)
+			tx := association.DB.Model(reflect.New(rel.Schema.ModelType).Interface())
 
-			column, values := schema.ToQueryValues(rel.Schema.PrimaryFieldDBNames, queryValues)
-			conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: column, Values: values})
-			relColumn, relValues := schema.ToQueryValues(foreignKeys, relQueryValues)
+			_, pvs := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMap(reflectValue, rel.Schema.PrimaryFields)
+			pcolumn, pvalues := schema.ToQueryValues(rel.Schema.PrimaryFieldDBNames, pvs)
+			conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: pcolumn, Values: pvalues})
+
+			_, rvs := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMapFromValues(values, primaryFields)
+			relColumn, relValues := schema.ToQueryValues(foreignKeys, rvs)
 			conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: relColumn, Values: relValues})
 
-			tx.Session(&Session{}).Model(modelValue).Clauses(conds...).UpdateColumns(updateAttrs)
+			association.Error = tx.Clauses(conds...).UpdateColumns(updateAttrs).Error
+		case schema.HasOne, schema.HasMany:
+			tx := association.DB.Model(reflect.New(rel.FieldSchema.ModelType).Interface())
+
+			_, pvs := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMap(reflectValue, primaryFields)
+			pcolumn, pvalues := schema.ToQueryValues(foreignKeys, pvs)
+			conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: pcolumn, Values: pvalues})
+
+			_, rvs := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMapFromValues(values, rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFields)
+			relColumn, relValues := schema.ToQueryValues(rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFieldDBNames, rvs)
+			conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: relColumn, Values: relValues})
+
+			association.Error = tx.Clauses(conds...).UpdateColumns(updateAttrs).Error
 		case schema.Many2Many:
-			var primaryFields, relPrimaryFields []*schema.Field
-			var joinPrimaryKeys, joinRelPrimaryKeys []string
+			var (
+				primaryFields, relPrimaryFields     []*schema.Field
+				joinPrimaryKeys, joinRelPrimaryKeys []string
+				modelValue                          = reflect.New(rel.JoinTable.ModelType).Interface()
+			)
 
 			for _, ref := range rel.References {
 				if ref.PrimaryValue == "" {
@@ -235,41 +235,34 @@ func (association *Association) Delete(values ...interface{}) error {
 				}
 			}
 
-			var (
-				modelValue        = reflect.New(rel.JoinTable.ModelType).Interface()
-				_, queryValues    = schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMap(reflectValue, primaryFields)
-				_, relQueryValues = schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMapFromValues(values, relPrimaryFields)
-			)
+			_, pvs := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMap(reflectValue, primaryFields)
+			pcolumn, pvalues := schema.ToQueryValues(joinPrimaryKeys, pvs)
+			conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: pcolumn, Values: pvalues})
 
-			if column, values := schema.ToQueryValues(joinPrimaryKeys, queryValues); len(values) > 0 {
-				conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: column, Values: values})
-			} else {
-				return ErrorPrimaryKeyRequired
-			}
-
-			relColumn, relValues := schema.ToQueryValues(joinRelPrimaryKeys, relQueryValues)
+			_, rvs := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMapFromValues(values, relPrimaryFields)
+			relColumn, relValues := schema.ToQueryValues(joinRelPrimaryKeys, rvs)
 			conds = append(conds, clause.IN{Column: relColumn, Values: relValues})
 
-			tx.Where(clause.Where{Exprs: conds}).Model(nil).Delete(modelValue)
+			association.Error = association.DB.Where(clause.Where{Exprs: conds}).Model(nil).Delete(modelValue).Error
 		}
 
-		relValuesMap, _ := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMapFromValues(values, rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFields)
+		if association.Error == nil {
+			relValuesMap, _ := schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMapFromValues(values, rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFields)
 
-		if tx.Error == nil {
 			cleanUpDeletedRelations := func(data reflect.Value) {
 				if _, zero := rel.Field.ValueOf(data); !zero {
 					fieldValue := reflect.Indirect(rel.Field.ReflectValueOf(data))
+					primaryValues := make([]interface{}, len(rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFields))
 
-					fieldValues := make([]interface{}, len(rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFields))
 					switch fieldValue.Kind() {
 					case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
-						validFieldValues := reflect.Zero(rel.Field.FieldType)
+						validFieldValues := reflect.Zero(rel.Field.IndirectFieldType)
 						for i := 0; i < fieldValue.Len(); i++ {
 							for idx, field := range rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFields {
-								fieldValues[idx], _ = field.ValueOf(fieldValue.Index(i))
+								primaryValues[idx], _ = field.ValueOf(fieldValue.Index(i))
 							}
 
-							if _, ok := relValuesMap[utils.ToStringKey(fieldValues...)]; !ok {
+							if _, ok := relValuesMap[utils.ToStringKey(primaryValues...)]; !ok {
 								validFieldValues = reflect.Append(validFieldValues, fieldValue.Index(i))
 							}
 						}
@@ -277,16 +270,19 @@ func (association *Association) Delete(values ...interface{}) error {
 						rel.Field.Set(data, validFieldValues.Interface())
 					case reflect.Struct:
 						for idx, field := range rel.FieldSchema.PrimaryFields {
-							fieldValues[idx], _ = field.ValueOf(fieldValue)
+							primaryValues[idx], _ = field.ValueOf(fieldValue)
 						}
-						if _, ok := relValuesMap[utils.ToStringKey(fieldValues...)]; ok {
+
+						if _, ok := relValuesMap[utils.ToStringKey(primaryValues...)]; ok {
 							rel.Field.Set(data, reflect.Zero(rel.FieldSchema.ModelType).Interface())
-							for _, ref := range rel.References {
-								if ref.OwnPrimaryKey {
-									ref.ForeignKey.Set(fieldValue, reflect.Zero(ref.ForeignKey.FieldType).Interface())
-								} else if ref.PrimaryValue == "" {
-									// FIXME
-									ref.ForeignKey.Set(data, reflect.Zero(ref.ForeignKey.FieldType).Interface())
+
+							if rel.JoinTable == nil {
+								for _, ref := range rel.References {
+									if ref.OwnPrimaryKey || ref.PrimaryValue != "" {
+										ref.ForeignKey.Set(fieldValue, reflect.Zero(ref.ForeignKey.FieldType).Interface())
+									} else {
+										ref.ForeignKey.Set(data, reflect.Zero(ref.ForeignKey.FieldType).Interface())
+									}
 								}
 							}
 						}
@@ -302,10 +298,9 @@ func (association *Association) Delete(values ...interface{}) error {
 			case reflect.Struct:
 				cleanUpDeletedRelations(reflectValue)
 			}
-		} else {
-			association.Error = tx.Error
 		}
 	}
+
 	return association.Error
 }
 
@@ -349,7 +344,7 @@ type assignBack struct {
 func (association *Association) saveAssociation(clear bool, values ...interface{}) {
 	var (
 		reflectValue = association.DB.Statement.ReflectValue
-		assignBacks  []assignBack
+		assignBacks  []assignBack // assign association values back to arguments after save
 	)
 
 	appendToRelations := func(source, rv reflect.Value, clear bool) {
@@ -359,12 +354,14 @@ func (association *Association) saveAssociation(clear bool, values ...interface{
 			case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
 				if rv.Len() > 0 {
 					association.Error = association.Relationship.Field.Set(source, rv.Index(0).Addr().Interface())
+
 					if association.Relationship.Field.FieldType.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
 						assignBacks = append(assignBacks, assignBack{Source: source, Dest: rv.Index(0)})
 					}
 				}
 			case reflect.Struct:
 				association.Error = association.Relationship.Field.Set(source, rv.Addr().Interface())
+
 				if association.Relationship.Field.FieldType.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
 					assignBacks = append(assignBacks, assignBack{Source: source, Dest: rv})
 				}
@@ -385,12 +382,8 @@ func (association *Association) saveAssociation(clear bool, values ...interface{
 					association.Error = fmt.Errorf("unsupported data type: %v for relation %v", ev.Type(), association.Relationship.Name)
 				}
 
-				if association.Relationship.Field.IndirectFieldType.Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct {
-					assignBacks = append(assignBacks, assignBack{
-						Source: source,
-						Index:  fieldValue.Len(),
-						Dest:   ev,
-					})
+				if elemType.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
+					assignBacks = append(assignBacks, assignBack{Source: source, Dest: ev, Index: fieldValue.Len()})
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -409,10 +402,10 @@ func (association *Association) saveAssociation(clear bool, values ...interface{
 		}
 	}
 
-	selectedColumns := []string{association.Relationship.Name}
+	selectedSaveColumns := []string{association.Relationship.Name}
 	for _, ref := range association.Relationship.References {
 		if !ref.OwnPrimaryKey {
-			selectedColumns = append(selectedColumns, ref.ForeignKey.Name)
+			selectedSaveColumns = append(selectedSaveColumns, ref.ForeignKey.Name)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -422,6 +415,7 @@ func (association *Association) saveAssociation(clear bool, values ...interface{
 			if clear && len(values) == 0 {
 				for i := 0; i < reflectValue.Len(); i++ {
 					association.Relationship.Field.Set(reflectValue.Index(i), reflect.New(association.Relationship.Field.IndirectFieldType).Interface())
+
 					if association.Relationship.JoinTable == nil {
 						for _, ref := range association.Relationship.References {
 							if !ref.OwnPrimaryKey && ref.PrimaryValue == "" {
@@ -432,6 +426,7 @@ func (association *Association) saveAssociation(clear bool, values ...interface{
 				}
 				break
 			}
+
 			association.Error = errors.New("invalid association values, length doesn't match")
 			return
 		}
@@ -439,15 +434,13 @@ func (association *Association) saveAssociation(clear bool, values ...interface{
 		for i := 0; i < reflectValue.Len(); i++ {
 			appendToRelations(reflectValue.Index(i), reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(values[i])), clear)
 
-			if len(values) > 0 {
-				// TODO support save slice data, sql with case
-				err := association.DB.Session(&Session{}).Select(selectedColumns).Model(nil).Save(reflectValue.Index(i).Addr().Interface()).Error
-				association.DB.AddError(err)
-			}
+			// TODO support save slice data, sql with case?
+			association.Error = association.DB.Session(&Session{}).Select(selectedSaveColumns).Model(nil).Save(reflectValue.Index(i).Addr().Interface()).Error
 		}
 	case reflect.Struct:
 		if clear && len(values) == 0 {
 			association.Relationship.Field.Set(reflectValue, reflect.New(association.Relationship.Field.IndirectFieldType).Interface())
+
 			if association.Relationship.JoinTable == nil {
 				for _, ref := range association.Relationship.References {
 					if !ref.OwnPrimaryKey && ref.PrimaryValue == "" {
@@ -463,7 +456,7 @@ func (association *Association) saveAssociation(clear bool, values ...interface{
 		}
 
 		if len(values) > 0 {
-			association.DB.Session(&Session{}).Select(selectedColumns).Model(nil).Save(reflectValue.Addr().Interface())
+			association.Error = association.DB.Session(&Session{}).Select(selectedSaveColumns).Model(nil).Save(reflectValue.Addr().Interface()).Error
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/tests/associations_belongs_to_test.go b/tests/associations_belongs_to_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..236af191
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/associations_belongs_to_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+package tests_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	. "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/tests"
+)
+
+func TestBelongsToAssociation(t *testing.T) {
+	var user = *GetUser("belongs-to", Config{Company: true, Manager: true})
+
+	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	CheckUser(t, user, user)
+
+	// Find
+	var user2 User
+	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
+	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Find(&user2.Company)
+	user2.Manager = &User{}
+	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Find(user2.Manager)
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Company", 1, "")
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Manager", 1, "")
+
+	// Append
+	var company = Company{Name: "company-belongs-to-append"}
+	var manager = GetUser("manager-belongs-to-append", Config{})
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Append(&company); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Company, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if company.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Company's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Append(manager); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Manager, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if manager.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Manager's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	user.Company = company
+	user.Manager = manager
+	user.CompanyID = &company.ID
+	user.ManagerID = &manager.ID
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Company", 1, "AfterAppend")
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Manager", 1, "AfterAppend")
+
+	// Replace
+	var company2 = Company{Name: "company-belongs-to-replace"}
+	var manager2 = GetUser("manager-belongs-to-replace", Config{})
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Replace(&company2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when replace Company, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if company2.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Company's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Replace(manager2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when replace Manager, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if manager2.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Manager's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	user.Company = company2
+	user.Manager = manager2
+	user.CompanyID = &company2.ID
+	user.ManagerID = &manager2.ID
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Company", 1, "AfterReplace")
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Manager", 1, "AfterReplace")
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Delete(&Company{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Company, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Company", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Delete(&company2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Company, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Company", 0, "after delete")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Delete(&User{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Manager, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Manager", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Delete(manager2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Manager, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Manager", 0, "after delete")
+
+	// Prepare Data for Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Append(&company); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Company, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Append(manager); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Manager, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Company", 1, "after prepare data")
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Manager", 1, "after prepare data")
+
+	// Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Clear(); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Company, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Clear(); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Manager, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Company", 0, "after clear")
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Manager", 0, "after clear")
+}
+
+func TestBelongsToAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	var users = []User{
+		*GetUser("slice-belongs-to-1", Config{Company: true, Manager: true}),
+		*GetUser("slice-belongs-to-2", Config{Company: true, Manager: false}),
+		*GetUser("slice-belongs-to-3", Config{Company: true, Manager: true}),
+	}
+
+	DB.Create(&users)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Company", 3, "")
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Manager", 2, "")
+
+	// Find
+	var companies []Company
+	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Company").Find(&companies); len(companies) != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("companies count should be %v, but got %v", 3, len(companies))
+	}
+
+	var managers []User
+	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Manager").Find(&managers); len(managers) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("managers count should be %v, but got %v", 2, len(managers))
+	}
+
+	// Append
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Company").Append(
+		&Company{Name: "company-slice-append-1"},
+		&Company{Name: "company-slice-append-2"},
+		&Company{Name: "company-slice-append-3"},
+	)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Company", 3, "After Append")
+
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Manager").Append(
+		GetUser("manager-slice-belongs-to-1", Config{}),
+		GetUser("manager-slice-belongs-to-2", Config{}),
+		GetUser("manager-slice-belongs-to-3", Config{}),
+	)
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Manager", 3, "After Append")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Manager").Append(
+		GetUser("manager-slice-belongs-to-test-1", Config{}),
+	).Error; err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("unmatched length when update user's manager")
+	}
+
+	// Replace -> same as append
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Company").Delete(&users[0].Company); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting company, but got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if users[0].CompanyID != nil || users[0].Company.ID != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("users[0]'s company should be deleted'")
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Company", 2, "After Delete")
+
+	// Clear
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Company").Clear()
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Company", 0, "After Clear")
+
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Manager").Clear()
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Manager", 0, "After Clear")
+
+	// shared company
+	company := Company{Name: "shared"}
+	if err := DB.Model(&users[0]).Association("Company").Append(&company); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error happened when append company to user, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&users[1]).Association("Company").Append(&company); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error happened when append company to user, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if users[0].CompanyID == nil || users[1].CompanyID == nil || *users[0].CompanyID != *users[1].CompanyID {
+		t.Errorf("user's company id should exists and equal, but its: %v, %v", users[0].CompanyID, users[1].CompanyID)
+	}
+
+	DB.Model(&users[0]).Association("Company").Delete(&company)
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users[0], "Company", 0, "After Delete")
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users[1], "Company", 1, "After other user Delete")
+}
diff --git a/tests/associations_has_many_test.go b/tests/associations_has_many_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2269d701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/associations_has_many_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+package tests_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	. "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/tests"
+)
+
+func TestHasManyAssociation(t *testing.T) {
+	var user = *GetUser("hasmany", Config{Pets: 2})
+
+	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	CheckUser(t, user, user)
+
+	// Find
+	var user2 User
+	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
+	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Find(&user2.Pets)
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Pets", 2, "")
+
+	// Append
+	var pet = Pet{Name: "pet-has-many-append"}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Append(&pet); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append account, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if pet.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Pet's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	user.Pets = append(user.Pets, &pet)
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Pets", 3, "AfterAppend")
+
+	var pets = []Pet{{Name: "pet-has-many-append-1-1"}, {Name: "pet-has-many-append-1-1"}}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Append(&pets); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append pet, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, pet := range pets {
+		var pet = pet
+		if pet.ID == 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("Pet's ID should be created")
+		}
+
+		user.Pets = append(user.Pets, &pet)
+	}
+
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Pets", 5, "AfterAppendSlice")
+
+	// Replace
+	var pet2 = Pet{Name: "pet-has-many-replace"}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Replace(&pet2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append pet, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if pet2.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("pet2's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	user.Pets = []*Pet{&pet2}
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Pets", 1, "AfterReplace")
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Delete(&Pet{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete pet, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Pets", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Delete(&pet2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Pets, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Pets", 0, "after delete")
+
+	// Prepare Data for Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Append(&pet); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Pets, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Pets", 1, "after prepare data")
+
+	// Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Clear(); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Pets, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Pets", 0, "after clear")
+}
+
+func TestSingleTableHasManyAssociation(t *testing.T) {
+	var user = *GetUser("hasmany", Config{Team: 2})
+
+	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	CheckUser(t, user, user)
+
+	// Find
+	var user2 User
+	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
+	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Find(&user2.Team)
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Team", 2, "")
+
+	// Append
+	var team = *GetUser("team", Config{})
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Append(&team); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append account, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if team.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Team's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	user.Team = append(user.Team, team)
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Team", 3, "AfterAppend")
+
+	var teams = []User{*GetUser("team-append-1", Config{}), *GetUser("team-append-2", Config{})}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Append(&teams); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append team, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, team := range teams {
+		var team = team
+		if team.ID == 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("Team's ID should be created")
+		}
+
+		user.Team = append(user.Team, team)
+	}
+
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Team", 5, "AfterAppendSlice")
+
+	// Replace
+	var team2 = *GetUser("team-replace", Config{})
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Replace(&team2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append team, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if team2.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("team2's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	user.Team = []User{team2}
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Team", 1, "AfterReplace")
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Delete(&User{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete team, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Team", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Delete(&team2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Team, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Team", 0, "after delete")
+
+	// Prepare Data for Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Append(&team); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Team, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Team", 1, "after prepare data")
+
+	// Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Clear(); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Team, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Team", 0, "after clear")
+}
+
+func TestHasManyAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	var users = []User{
+		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-1", Config{Pets: 2}),
+		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-2", Config{Pets: 0}),
+		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-3", Config{Pets: 4}),
+	}
+
+	DB.Create(&users)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Pets", 6, "")
+
+	// Find
+	var pets []Pet
+	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Pets").Find(&pets); len(pets) != 6 {
+		t.Errorf("pets count should be %v, but got %v", 6, len(pets))
+	}
+
+	// Append
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Pets").Append(
+		&Pet{Name: "pet-slice-append-1"},
+		[]*Pet{{Name: "pet-slice-append-2-1"}, {Name: "pet-slice-append-2-2"}},
+		&Pet{Name: "pet-slice-append-3"},
+	)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Pets", 10, "After Append")
+
+	// Replace -> same as append
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Pets").Replace(
+		[]*Pet{{Name: "pet-slice-replace-1-1"}, {Name: "pet-slice-replace-1-2"}},
+		[]*Pet{{Name: "pet-slice-replace-2-1"}, {Name: "pet-slice-replace-2-2"}},
+		&Pet{Name: "pet-slice-replace-3"},
+	)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Pets", 5, "After Append")
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Pets").Delete(&users[2].Pets); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting pet, but got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Pets", 4, "after delete")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Pets").Delete(users[0].Pets[0], users[1].Pets[1]); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting pet, but got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Pets", 2, "after delete")
+
+	// Clear
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Pets").Clear()
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Pets", 0, "After Clear")
+}
+
+func TestSingleTableHasManyAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	var users = []User{
+		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-1", Config{Team: 2}),
+		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-2", Config{Team: 0}),
+		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-3", Config{Team: 4}),
+	}
+
+	if err := DB.Create(&users).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 6, "")
+
+	// Find
+	var teams []User
+	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Find(&teams); len(teams) != 6 {
+		t.Errorf("teams count should be %v, but got %v", 6, len(teams))
+	}
+
+	// Append
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Append(
+		&User{Name: "pet-slice-append-1"},
+		[]*User{{Name: "pet-slice-append-2-1"}, {Name: "pet-slice-append-2-2"}},
+		&User{Name: "pet-slice-append-3"},
+	)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 10, "After Append")
+
+	// Replace -> same as append
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Replace(
+		[]*User{{Name: "pet-slice-replace-1-1"}, {Name: "pet-slice-replace-1-2"}},
+		[]*User{{Name: "pet-slice-replace-2-1"}, {Name: "pet-slice-replace-2-2"}},
+		&User{Name: "pet-slice-replace-3"},
+	)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 5, "After Append")
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Delete(&users[2].Team); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting pet, but got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 4, "after delete")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Delete(users[0].Team[0], users[1].Team[1]); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting pet, but got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 2, "after delete")
+
+	// Clear
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Clear()
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 0, "After Clear")
+}
+
+func TestPolymorphicHasManyAssociation(t *testing.T) {
+	var user = *GetUser("hasmany", Config{Toys: 2})
+
+	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	CheckUser(t, user, user)
+
+	// Find
+	var user2 User
+	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
+	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Find(&user2.Toys)
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Toys", 2, "")
+
+	// Append
+	var toy = Toy{Name: "toy-has-many-append"}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Append(&toy); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append account, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if toy.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Toy's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	user.Toys = append(user.Toys, toy)
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Toys", 3, "AfterAppend")
+
+	var toys = []Toy{{Name: "toy-has-many-append-1-1"}, {Name: "toy-has-many-append-1-1"}}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Append(&toys); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append toy, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, toy := range toys {
+		var toy = toy
+		if toy.ID == 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("Toy's ID should be created")
+		}
+
+		user.Toys = append(user.Toys, toy)
+	}
+
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Toys", 5, "AfterAppendSlice")
+
+	// Replace
+	var toy2 = Toy{Name: "toy-has-many-replace"}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Replace(&toy2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append toy, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if toy2.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("toy2's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	user.Toys = []Toy{toy2}
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Toys", 1, "AfterReplace")
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Delete(&Toy{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete toy, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Toys", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Delete(&toy2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Toys, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Toys", 0, "after delete")
+
+	// Prepare Data for Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Append(&toy); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Toys, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Toys", 1, "after prepare data")
+
+	// Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Clear(); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Toys, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Toys", 0, "after clear")
+}
+
+func TestPolymorphicHasManyAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	var users = []User{
+		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-1", Config{Toys: 2}),
+		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-2", Config{Toys: 0}),
+		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-3", Config{Toys: 4}),
+	}
+
+	DB.Create(&users)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Toys", 6, "")
+
+	// Find
+	var toys []Toy
+	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Toys").Find(&toys); len(toys) != 6 {
+		t.Errorf("toys count should be %v, but got %v", 6, len(toys))
+	}
+
+	// Append
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Toys").Append(
+		&Toy{Name: "toy-slice-append-1"},
+		[]Toy{{Name: "toy-slice-append-2-1"}, {Name: "toy-slice-append-2-2"}},
+		&Toy{Name: "toy-slice-append-3"},
+	)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Toys", 10, "After Append")
+
+	// Replace -> same as append
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Toys").Replace(
+		[]*Toy{{Name: "toy-slice-replace-1-1"}, {Name: "toy-slice-replace-1-2"}},
+		[]*Toy{{Name: "toy-slice-replace-2-1"}, {Name: "toy-slice-replace-2-2"}},
+		&Toy{Name: "toy-slice-replace-3"},
+	)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Toys", 5, "After Append")
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Toys").Delete(&users[2].Toys); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting toy, but got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Toys", 4, "after delete")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Toys").Delete(users[0].Toys[0], users[1].Toys[1]); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting toy, but got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Toys", 2, "after delete")
+
+	// Clear
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Toys").Clear()
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Toys", 0, "After Clear")
+}
diff --git a/tests/associations_has_one_test.go b/tests/associations_has_one_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a863cb36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/associations_has_one_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+package tests_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	. "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/tests"
+)
+
+func TestHasOneAssociation(t *testing.T) {
+	var user = *GetUser("hasone", Config{Account: true})
+
+	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	CheckUser(t, user, user)
+
+	// Find
+	var user2 User
+	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
+	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Find(&user2.Account)
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Account", 1, "")
+
+	// Append
+	var account = Account{Number: "account-has-one-append"}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Append(&account); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append account, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if account.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Account's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	user.Account = account
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Account", 1, "AfterAppend")
+
+	// Replace
+	var account2 = Account{Number: "account-has-one-replace"}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Replace(&account2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Account, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if account2.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("account2's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	user.Account = account2
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Account", 1, "AfterReplace")
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Delete(&Account{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete account, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Account", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Delete(&account2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Account, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Account", 0, "after delete")
+
+	// Prepare Data for Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Append(&account); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Account, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Account", 1, "after prepare data")
+
+	// Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Clear(); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Account, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Account", 0, "after clear")
+}
+
+func TestHasOneAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	var users = []User{
+		*GetUser("slice-hasone-1", Config{Account: true}),
+		*GetUser("slice-hasone-2", Config{Account: false}),
+		*GetUser("slice-hasone-3", Config{Account: true}),
+	}
+
+	DB.Create(&users)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Account", 2, "")
+
+	// Find
+	var accounts []Account
+	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Account").Find(&accounts); len(accounts) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("accounts count should be %v, but got %v", 3, len(accounts))
+	}
+
+	// Append
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Account").Append(
+		&Account{Number: "account-slice-append-1"},
+		&Account{Number: "account-slice-append-2"},
+		&Account{Number: "account-slice-append-3"},
+	)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Account", 3, "After Append")
+
+	// Replace -> same as append
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Account").Delete(&users[0].Account); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting account, but got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Account", 2, "after delete")
+
+	// Clear
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Account").Clear()
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Account", 0, "After Clear")
+}
+
+func TestPolymorphicHasOneAssociation(t *testing.T) {
+	var pet = Pet{Name: "hasone", Toy: Toy{Name: "toy-has-one"}}
+
+	if err := DB.Create(&pet).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	CheckPet(t, pet, pet)
+
+	// Find
+	var pet2 Pet
+	DB.Find(&pet2, "id = ?", pet.ID)
+	DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Find(&pet2.Toy)
+	CheckPet(t, pet2, pet)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet, "Toy", 1, "")
+
+	// Append
+	var toy = Toy{Name: "toy-has-one-append"}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Append(&toy); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append toy, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if toy.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("Toy's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	pet.Toy = toy
+	CheckPet(t, pet2, pet)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet, "Toy", 1, "AfterAppend")
+
+	// Replace
+	var toy2 = Toy{Name: "toy-has-one-replace"}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Replace(&toy2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Toy, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if toy2.ID == 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("toy2's ID should be created")
+	}
+
+	pet.Toy = toy2
+	CheckPet(t, pet2, pet)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet2, "Toy", 1, "AfterReplace")
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Delete(&Toy{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete toy, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet2, "Toy", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Delete(&toy2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Toy, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet2, "Toy", 0, "after delete")
+
+	// Prepare Data for Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Append(&toy); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Toy, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet2, "Toy", 1, "after prepare data")
+
+	// Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Clear(); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Toy, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet2, "Toy", 0, "after clear")
+}
+
+func TestPolymorphicHasOneAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	var pets = []Pet{
+		{Name: "hasone-1", Toy: Toy{Name: "toy-has-one"}},
+		{Name: "hasone-2", Toy: Toy{}},
+		{Name: "hasone-3", Toy: Toy{Name: "toy-has-one"}},
+	}
+
+	DB.Create(&pets)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, pets, "Toy", 2, "")
+
+	// Find
+	var toys []Toy
+	if DB.Model(&pets).Association("Toy").Find(&toys); len(toys) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("toys count should be %v, but got %v", 3, len(toys))
+	}
+
+	// Append
+	DB.Model(&pets).Association("Toy").Append(
+		&Toy{Name: "toy-slice-append-1"},
+		&Toy{Name: "toy-slice-append-2"},
+		&Toy{Name: "toy-slice-append-3"},
+	)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, pets, "Toy", 3, "After Append")
+
+	// Replace -> same as append
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&pets).Association("Toy").Delete(&pets[0].Toy); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting toy, but got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, pets, "Toy", 2, "after delete")
+
+	// Clear
+	DB.Model(&pets).Association("Toy").Clear()
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, pets, "Toy", 0, "After Clear")
+}
diff --git a/tests/associations_many2many_test.go b/tests/associations_many2many_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a2db9675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/associations_many2many_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+package tests_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	. "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/tests"
+)
+
+func TestMany2ManyAssociation(t *testing.T) {
+	var user = *GetUser("many2many", Config{Languages: 2})
+
+	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	CheckUser(t, user, user)
+
+	// Find
+	var user2 User
+	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
+	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Find(&user2.Languages)
+
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Languages", 2, "")
+
+	// Append
+	var language = Language{Code: "language-many2many-append", Name: "language-many2many-append"}
+	DB.Create(&language)
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Append(&language); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append account, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	user.Languages = append(user.Languages, language)
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Languages", 3, "AfterAppend")
+
+	var languages = []Language{
+		{Code: "language-many2many-append-1-1", Name: "language-many2many-append-1-1"},
+		{Code: "language-many2many-append-2-1", Name: "language-many2many-append-2-1"},
+	}
+	DB.Create(&languages)
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Append(&languages); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append language, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	user.Languages = append(user.Languages, languages...)
+
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Languages", 5, "AfterAppendSlice")
+
+	// Replace
+	var language2 = Language{Code: "language-many2many-replace", Name: "language-many2many-replace"}
+	DB.Create(&language2)
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Replace(&language2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append language, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	user.Languages = []Language{language2}
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Languages", 1, "AfterReplace")
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Delete(&Language{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete language, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Languages", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Delete(&language2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Languages, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Languages", 0, "after delete")
+
+	// Prepare Data for Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Append(&language); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Languages, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Languages", 1, "after prepare data")
+
+	// Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Clear(); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Languages, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Languages", 0, "after clear")
+}
+
+func TestMany2ManyAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	var users = []User{
+		*GetUser("slice-many2many-1", Config{Languages: 2}),
+		*GetUser("slice-many2many-2", Config{Languages: 0}),
+		*GetUser("slice-many2many-3", Config{Languages: 4}),
+	}
+
+	DB.Create(&users)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Languages", 6, "")
+
+	// Find
+	var languages []Language
+	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Languages").Find(&languages); len(languages) != 6 {
+		t.Errorf("languages count should be %v, but got %v", 6, len(languages))
+	}
+
+	// Append
+	var languages1 = []Language{
+		{Code: "language-many2many-append-1", Name: "language-many2many-append-1"},
+	}
+	var languages2 = []Language{}
+	var languages3 = []Language{
+		{Code: "language-many2many-append-3-1", Name: "language-many2many-append-3-1"},
+		{Code: "language-many2many-append-3-2", Name: "language-many2many-append-3-2"},
+	}
+	DB.Create(&languages1)
+	DB.Create(&languages3)
+
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Languages").Append(&languages1, &languages2, &languages3)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Languages", 9, "After Append")
+
+	languages2_1 := []*Language{
+		{Code: "language-slice-replace-1-1", Name: "language-slice-replace-1-1"},
+		{Code: "language-slice-replace-1-2", Name: "language-slice-replace-1-2"},
+	}
+	languages2_2 := []*Language{
+		{Code: "language-slice-replace-2-1", Name: "language-slice-replace-2-1"},
+		{Code: "language-slice-replace-2-2", Name: "language-slice-replace-2-2"},
+	}
+	languages2_3 := &Language{Code: "language-slice-replace-3", Name: "language-slice-replace-3"}
+	DB.Create(&languages2_1)
+	DB.Create(&languages2_2)
+	DB.Create(&languages2_3)
+
+	// Replace
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Languages").Replace(&languages2_1, &languages2_2, languages2_3)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Languages", 5, "After Replace")
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Languages").Delete(&users[2].Languages); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting language, but got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Languages", 4, "after delete")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Languages").Delete(users[0].Languages[0], users[1].Languages[1]); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting language, but got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Languages", 2, "after delete")
+
+	// Clear
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Languages").Clear()
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Languages", 0, "After Clear")
+}
+
+func TestSingleTableMany2ManyAssociation(t *testing.T) {
+	var user = *GetUser("many2many", Config{Friends: 2})
+
+	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	CheckUser(t, user, user)
+
+	// Find
+	var user2 User
+	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
+	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Find(&user2.Friends)
+
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Friends", 2, "")
+
+	// Append
+	var friend = *GetUser("friend", Config{})
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Append(&friend); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append account, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	user.Friends = append(user.Friends, &friend)
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Friends", 3, "AfterAppend")
+
+	var friends = []*User{GetUser("friend-append-1", Config{}), GetUser("friend-append-2", Config{})}
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Append(&friends); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append friend, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	user.Friends = append(user.Friends, friends...)
+
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Friends", 5, "AfterAppendSlice")
+
+	// Replace
+	var friend2 = *GetUser("friend-replace-2", Config{})
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Replace(&friend2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append friend, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	user.Friends = []*User{&friend2}
+	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Friends", 1, "AfterReplace")
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Delete(&User{}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete friend, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Friends", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Delete(&friend2); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Friends, got %v", err)
+	}
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Friends", 0, "after delete")
+
+	// Prepare Data for Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Append(&friend); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Friends, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Friends", 1, "after prepare data")
+
+	// Clear
+	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Clear(); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Friends, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Friends", 0, "after clear")
+}
+
+func TestSingleTableMany2ManyAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
+	var users = []User{
+		*GetUser("slice-many2many-1", Config{Team: 2}),
+		*GetUser("slice-many2many-2", Config{Team: 0}),
+		*GetUser("slice-many2many-3", Config{Team: 4}),
+	}
+
+	DB.Create(&users)
+
+	// Count
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 6, "")
+
+	// Find
+	var teams []User
+	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Find(&teams); len(teams) != 6 {
+		t.Errorf("teams count should be %v, but got %v", 6, len(teams))
+	}
+
+	// Append
+	var teams1 = []User{*GetUser("friend-append-1", Config{})}
+	var teams2 = []User{}
+	var teams3 = []*User{GetUser("friend-append-3-1", Config{}), GetUser("friend-append-3-2", Config{})}
+
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Append(&teams1, &teams2, &teams3)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 9, "After Append")
+
+	var teams2_1 = []User{*GetUser("friend-replace-1", Config{}), *GetUser("friend-replace-2", Config{})}
+	var teams2_2 = []User{*GetUser("friend-replace-2-1", Config{}), *GetUser("friend-replace-2-2", Config{})}
+	var teams2_3 = GetUser("friend-replace-3-1", Config{})
+
+	// Replace
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Replace(&teams2_1, &teams2_2, teams2_3)
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 5, "After Replace")
+
+	// Delete
+	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Delete(&users[2].Team); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting team, but got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 4, "after delete")
+
+	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Delete(users[0].Team[0], users[1].Team[1]); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting team, but got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 2, "after delete")
+
+	// Clear
+	DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Clear()
+	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 0, "After Clear")
+}
diff --git a/tests/associations_test.go b/tests/associations_test.go
index a102fa54..89bbe142 100644
--- a/tests/associations_test.go
+++ b/tests/associations_test.go
@@ -25,1186 +25,9 @@ func AssertAssociationCount(t *testing.T, data interface{}, name string, result
 	}
 }
 
-func TestBelongsToAssociation(t *testing.T) {
-	var user = *GetUser("belongs-to", Config{Company: true, Manager: true})
-
-	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
+func TestInvalidAssociation(t *testing.T) {
+	var user = *GetUser("invalid", Config{Company: true, Manager: true})
+	if err := DB.Model(&user).Association("Invalid").Find(&user.Company).Error; err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("should return errors for invalid association, but got nil")
 	}
-
-	CheckUser(t, user, user)
-
-	// Find
-	var user2 User
-	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
-	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Find(&user2.Company)
-	user2.Manager = &User{}
-	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Find(user2.Manager)
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Company", 1, "")
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Manager", 1, "")
-
-	// Append
-	var company = Company{Name: "company-belongs-to-append"}
-	var manager = GetUser("manager-belongs-to-append", Config{})
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Append(&company); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Company, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if company.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Company's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Append(manager); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Manager, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if manager.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Manager's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	user.Company = company
-	user.Manager = manager
-	user.CompanyID = &company.ID
-	user.ManagerID = &manager.ID
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Company", 1, "AfterAppend")
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Manager", 1, "AfterAppend")
-
-	// Replace
-	var company2 = Company{Name: "company-belongs-to-replace"}
-	var manager2 = GetUser("manager-belongs-to-replace", Config{})
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Replace(&company2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when replace Company, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if company2.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Company's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Replace(manager2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when replace Manager, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if manager2.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Manager's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	user.Company = company2
-	user.Manager = manager2
-	user.CompanyID = &company2.ID
-	user.ManagerID = &manager2.ID
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Company", 1, "AfterReplace")
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Manager", 1, "AfterReplace")
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Delete(&Company{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Company, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Company", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Delete(&company2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Company, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Company", 0, "after delete")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Delete(&User{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Manager, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Manager", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Delete(manager2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Manager, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Manager", 0, "after delete")
-
-	// Prepare Data for Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Append(&company); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Company, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Append(manager); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Manager, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Company", 1, "after prepare data")
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Manager", 1, "after prepare data")
-
-	// Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Company").Clear(); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Company, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Manager").Clear(); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Manager, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Company", 0, "after clear")
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Manager", 0, "after clear")
-}
-
-func TestBelongsToAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
-	var users = []User{
-		*GetUser("slice-belongs-to-1", Config{Company: true, Manager: true}),
-		*GetUser("slice-belongs-to-2", Config{Company: true, Manager: false}),
-		*GetUser("slice-belongs-to-3", Config{Company: true, Manager: true}),
-	}
-
-	DB.Create(&users)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Company", 3, "")
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Manager", 2, "")
-
-	// Find
-	var companies []Company
-	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Company").Find(&companies); len(companies) != 3 {
-		t.Errorf("companies count should be %v, but got %v", 3, len(companies))
-	}
-
-	var managers []User
-	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Manager").Find(&managers); len(managers) != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("managers count should be %v, but got %v", 2, len(managers))
-	}
-
-	// Append
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Company").Append(
-		&Company{Name: "company-slice-append-1"},
-		&Company{Name: "company-slice-append-2"},
-		&Company{Name: "company-slice-append-3"},
-	)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Company", 3, "After Append")
-
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Manager").Append(
-		GetUser("manager-slice-belongs-to-1", Config{}),
-		GetUser("manager-slice-belongs-to-2", Config{}),
-		GetUser("manager-slice-belongs-to-3", Config{}),
-	)
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Manager", 3, "After Append")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Manager").Append(
-		GetUser("manager-slice-belongs-to-test-1", Config{}),
-	).Error; err == nil {
-		t.Errorf("unmatched length when update user's manager")
-	}
-
-	// Replace -> same as append
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Company").Delete(&users[0].Company); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting company, but got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if users[0].CompanyID != nil || users[0].Company.ID != 0 {
-		t.Errorf("users[0]'s company should be deleted'")
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Company", 2, "After Delete")
-
-	// Clear
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Company").Clear()
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Company", 0, "After Clear")
-
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Manager").Clear()
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Manager", 0, "After Clear")
-
-	// shared company
-	company := Company{Name: "shared"}
-	if err := DB.Model(&users[0]).Association("Company").Append(&company); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error happened when append company to user, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&users[1]).Association("Company").Append(&company); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error happened when append company to user, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if users[0].CompanyID == nil || users[1].CompanyID == nil || *users[0].CompanyID != *users[1].CompanyID {
-		t.Errorf("user's company id should exists and equal, but its: %v, %v", users[0].CompanyID, users[1].CompanyID)
-	}
-
-	DB.Model(&users[0]).Association("Company").Delete(&company)
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users[0], "Company", 0, "After Delete")
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users[1], "Company", 1, "After other user Delete")
-}
-
-func TestHasOneAssociation(t *testing.T) {
-	var user = *GetUser("hasone", Config{Account: true})
-
-	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	CheckUser(t, user, user)
-
-	// Find
-	var user2 User
-	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
-	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Find(&user2.Account)
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Account", 1, "")
-
-	// Append
-	var account = Account{Number: "account-has-one-append"}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Append(&account); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append account, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if account.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Account's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	user.Account = account
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Account", 1, "AfterAppend")
-
-	// Replace
-	var account2 = Account{Number: "account-has-one-replace"}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Replace(&account2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Account, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if account2.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("account2's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	user.Account = account2
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Account", 1, "AfterReplace")
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Delete(&Account{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete account, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Account", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Delete(&account2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Account, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Account", 0, "after delete")
-
-	// Prepare Data for Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Append(&account); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Account, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Account", 1, "after prepare data")
-
-	// Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Account").Clear(); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Account, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Account", 0, "after clear")
-}
-
-func TestHasOneAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
-	var users = []User{
-		*GetUser("slice-hasone-1", Config{Account: true}),
-		*GetUser("slice-hasone-2", Config{Account: false}),
-		*GetUser("slice-hasone-3", Config{Account: true}),
-	}
-
-	DB.Create(&users)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Account", 2, "")
-
-	// Find
-	var accounts []Account
-	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Account").Find(&accounts); len(accounts) != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("accounts count should be %v, but got %v", 3, len(accounts))
-	}
-
-	// Append
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Account").Append(
-		&Account{Number: "account-slice-append-1"},
-		&Account{Number: "account-slice-append-2"},
-		&Account{Number: "account-slice-append-3"},
-	)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Account", 3, "After Append")
-
-	// Replace -> same as append
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Account").Delete(&users[0].Account); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting account, but got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Account", 2, "after delete")
-
-	// Clear
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Account").Clear()
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Account", 0, "After Clear")
-}
-
-func TestPolymorphicHasOneAssociation(t *testing.T) {
-	var pet = Pet{Name: "hasone", Toy: Toy{Name: "toy-has-one"}}
-
-	if err := DB.Create(&pet).Error; err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	CheckPet(t, pet, pet)
-
-	// Find
-	var pet2 Pet
-	DB.Find(&pet2, "id = ?", pet.ID)
-	DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Find(&pet2.Toy)
-	CheckPet(t, pet2, pet)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet, "Toy", 1, "")
-
-	// Append
-	var toy = Toy{Name: "toy-has-one-append"}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Append(&toy); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append toy, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if toy.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Toy's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	pet.Toy = toy
-	CheckPet(t, pet2, pet)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet, "Toy", 1, "AfterAppend")
-
-	// Replace
-	var toy2 = Toy{Name: "toy-has-one-replace"}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Replace(&toy2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Toy, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if toy2.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("toy2's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	pet.Toy = toy2
-	CheckPet(t, pet2, pet)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet2, "Toy", 1, "AfterReplace")
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Delete(&Toy{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete toy, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet2, "Toy", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Delete(&toy2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Toy, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet2, "Toy", 0, "after delete")
-
-	// Prepare Data for Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Append(&toy); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Toy, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet2, "Toy", 1, "after prepare data")
-
-	// Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&pet2).Association("Toy").Clear(); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Toy, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, pet2, "Toy", 0, "after clear")
-}
-
-func TestPolymorphicHasOneAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
-	var pets = []Pet{
-		{Name: "hasone-1", Toy: Toy{Name: "toy-has-one"}},
-		{Name: "hasone-2", Toy: Toy{}},
-		{Name: "hasone-3", Toy: Toy{Name: "toy-has-one"}},
-	}
-
-	DB.Create(&pets)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, pets, "Toy", 2, "")
-
-	// Find
-	var toys []Toy
-	if DB.Model(&pets).Association("Toy").Find(&toys); len(toys) != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("toys count should be %v, but got %v", 3, len(toys))
-	}
-
-	// Append
-	DB.Model(&pets).Association("Toy").Append(
-		&Toy{Name: "toy-slice-append-1"},
-		&Toy{Name: "toy-slice-append-2"},
-		&Toy{Name: "toy-slice-append-3"},
-	)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, pets, "Toy", 3, "After Append")
-
-	// Replace -> same as append
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&pets).Association("Toy").Delete(&pets[0].Toy); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting toy, but got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, pets, "Toy", 2, "after delete")
-
-	// Clear
-	DB.Model(&pets).Association("Toy").Clear()
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, pets, "Toy", 0, "After Clear")
-}
-
-func TestHasManyAssociation(t *testing.T) {
-	var user = *GetUser("hasmany", Config{Pets: 2})
-
-	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	CheckUser(t, user, user)
-
-	// Find
-	var user2 User
-	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
-	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Find(&user2.Pets)
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Pets", 2, "")
-
-	// Append
-	var pet = Pet{Name: "pet-has-many-append"}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Append(&pet); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append account, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if pet.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Pet's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	user.Pets = append(user.Pets, &pet)
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Pets", 3, "AfterAppend")
-
-	var pets = []Pet{{Name: "pet-has-many-append-1-1"}, {Name: "pet-has-many-append-1-1"}}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Append(&pets); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append pet, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, pet := range pets {
-		var pet = pet
-		if pet.ID == 0 {
-			t.Fatalf("Pet's ID should be created")
-		}
-
-		user.Pets = append(user.Pets, &pet)
-	}
-
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Pets", 5, "AfterAppendSlice")
-
-	// Replace
-	var pet2 = Pet{Name: "pet-has-many-replace"}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Replace(&pet2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append pet, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if pet2.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("pet2's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	user.Pets = []*Pet{&pet2}
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Pets", 1, "AfterReplace")
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Delete(&Pet{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete pet, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Pets", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Delete(&pet2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Pets, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Pets", 0, "after delete")
-
-	// Prepare Data for Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Append(&pet); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Pets, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Pets", 1, "after prepare data")
-
-	// Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Pets").Clear(); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Pets, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Pets", 0, "after clear")
-}
-
-func TestSingleTableHasManyAssociation(t *testing.T) {
-	var user = *GetUser("hasmany", Config{Team: 2})
-
-	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	CheckUser(t, user, user)
-
-	// Find
-	var user2 User
-	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
-	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Find(&user2.Team)
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Team", 2, "")
-
-	// Append
-	var team = *GetUser("team", Config{})
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Append(&team); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append account, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if team.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Team's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	user.Team = append(user.Team, team)
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Team", 3, "AfterAppend")
-
-	var teams = []User{*GetUser("team-append-1", Config{}), *GetUser("team-append-2", Config{})}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Append(&teams); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append team, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, team := range teams {
-		var team = team
-		if team.ID == 0 {
-			t.Fatalf("Team's ID should be created")
-		}
-
-		user.Team = append(user.Team, team)
-	}
-
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Team", 5, "AfterAppendSlice")
-
-	// Replace
-	var team2 = *GetUser("team-replace", Config{})
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Replace(&team2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append team, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if team2.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("team2's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	user.Team = []User{team2}
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Team", 1, "AfterReplace")
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Delete(&User{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete team, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Team", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Delete(&team2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Team, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Team", 0, "after delete")
-
-	// Prepare Data for Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Append(&team); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Team, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Team", 1, "after prepare data")
-
-	// Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Team").Clear(); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Team, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Team", 0, "after clear")
-}
-
-func TestHasManyAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
-	var users = []User{
-		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-1", Config{Pets: 2}),
-		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-2", Config{Pets: 0}),
-		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-3", Config{Pets: 4}),
-	}
-
-	DB.Create(&users)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Pets", 6, "")
-
-	// Find
-	var pets []Pet
-	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Pets").Find(&pets); len(pets) != 6 {
-		t.Errorf("pets count should be %v, but got %v", 6, len(pets))
-	}
-
-	// Append
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Pets").Append(
-		&Pet{Name: "pet-slice-append-1"},
-		[]*Pet{{Name: "pet-slice-append-2-1"}, {Name: "pet-slice-append-2-2"}},
-		&Pet{Name: "pet-slice-append-3"},
-	)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Pets", 10, "After Append")
-
-	// Replace -> same as append
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Pets").Replace(
-		[]*Pet{{Name: "pet-slice-replace-1-1"}, {Name: "pet-slice-replace-1-2"}},
-		[]*Pet{{Name: "pet-slice-replace-2-1"}, {Name: "pet-slice-replace-2-2"}},
-		&Pet{Name: "pet-slice-replace-3"},
-	)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Pets", 5, "After Append")
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Pets").Delete(&users[2].Pets); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting pet, but got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Pets", 4, "after delete")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Pets").Delete(users[0].Pets[0], users[1].Pets[1]); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting pet, but got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Pets", 2, "after delete")
-
-	// Clear
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Pets").Clear()
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Pets", 0, "After Clear")
-}
-
-func TestSingleTableHasManyAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
-	var users = []User{
-		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-1", Config{Team: 2}),
-		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-2", Config{Team: 0}),
-		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-3", Config{Team: 4}),
-	}
-
-	if err := DB.Create(&users).Error; err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 6, "")
-
-	// Find
-	var teams []User
-	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Find(&teams); len(teams) != 6 {
-		t.Errorf("teams count should be %v, but got %v", 6, len(teams))
-	}
-
-	// Append
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Append(
-		&User{Name: "pet-slice-append-1"},
-		[]*User{{Name: "pet-slice-append-2-1"}, {Name: "pet-slice-append-2-2"}},
-		&User{Name: "pet-slice-append-3"},
-	)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 10, "After Append")
-
-	// Replace -> same as append
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Replace(
-		[]*User{{Name: "pet-slice-replace-1-1"}, {Name: "pet-slice-replace-1-2"}},
-		[]*User{{Name: "pet-slice-replace-2-1"}, {Name: "pet-slice-replace-2-2"}},
-		&User{Name: "pet-slice-replace-3"},
-	)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 5, "After Append")
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Delete(&users[2].Team); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting pet, but got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 4, "after delete")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Delete(users[0].Team[0], users[1].Team[1]); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting pet, but got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 2, "after delete")
-
-	// Clear
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Clear()
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 0, "After Clear")
-}
-
-func TestPolymorphicHasManyAssociation(t *testing.T) {
-	var user = *GetUser("hasmany", Config{Toys: 2})
-
-	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	CheckUser(t, user, user)
-
-	// Find
-	var user2 User
-	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
-	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Find(&user2.Toys)
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Toys", 2, "")
-
-	// Append
-	var toy = Toy{Name: "toy-has-many-append"}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Append(&toy); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append account, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if toy.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("Toy's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	user.Toys = append(user.Toys, toy)
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Toys", 3, "AfterAppend")
-
-	var toys = []Toy{{Name: "toy-has-many-append-1-1"}, {Name: "toy-has-many-append-1-1"}}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Append(&toys); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append toy, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	for _, toy := range toys {
-		var toy = toy
-		if toy.ID == 0 {
-			t.Fatalf("Toy's ID should be created")
-		}
-
-		user.Toys = append(user.Toys, toy)
-	}
-
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Toys", 5, "AfterAppendSlice")
-
-	// Replace
-	var toy2 = Toy{Name: "toy-has-many-replace"}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Replace(&toy2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append toy, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if toy2.ID == 0 {
-		t.Fatalf("toy2's ID should be created")
-	}
-
-	user.Toys = []Toy{toy2}
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Toys", 1, "AfterReplace")
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Delete(&Toy{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete toy, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Toys", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Delete(&toy2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Toys, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Toys", 0, "after delete")
-
-	// Prepare Data for Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Append(&toy); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Toys, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Toys", 1, "after prepare data")
-
-	// Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Toys").Clear(); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Toys, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Toys", 0, "after clear")
-}
-
-func TestPolymorphicHasManyAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
-	var users = []User{
-		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-1", Config{Toys: 2}),
-		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-2", Config{Toys: 0}),
-		*GetUser("slice-hasmany-3", Config{Toys: 4}),
-	}
-
-	DB.Create(&users)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Toys", 6, "")
-
-	// Find
-	var toys []Toy
-	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Toys").Find(&toys); len(toys) != 6 {
-		t.Errorf("toys count should be %v, but got %v", 6, len(toys))
-	}
-
-	// Append
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Toys").Append(
-		&Toy{Name: "toy-slice-append-1"},
-		[]Toy{{Name: "toy-slice-append-2-1"}, {Name: "toy-slice-append-2-2"}},
-		&Toy{Name: "toy-slice-append-3"},
-	)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Toys", 10, "After Append")
-
-	// Replace -> same as append
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Toys").Replace(
-		[]*Toy{{Name: "toy-slice-replace-1-1"}, {Name: "toy-slice-replace-1-2"}},
-		[]*Toy{{Name: "toy-slice-replace-2-1"}, {Name: "toy-slice-replace-2-2"}},
-		&Toy{Name: "toy-slice-replace-3"},
-	)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Toys", 5, "After Append")
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Toys").Delete(&users[2].Toys); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting toy, but got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Toys", 4, "after delete")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Toys").Delete(users[0].Toys[0], users[1].Toys[1]); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting toy, but got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Toys", 2, "after delete")
-
-	// Clear
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Toys").Clear()
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Toys", 0, "After Clear")
-}
-
-func TestMany2ManyAssociation(t *testing.T) {
-	var user = *GetUser("many2many", Config{Languages: 2})
-
-	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	CheckUser(t, user, user)
-
-	// Find
-	var user2 User
-	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
-	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Find(&user2.Languages)
-
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Languages", 2, "")
-
-	// Append
-	var language = Language{Code: "language-many2many-append", Name: "language-many2many-append"}
-	DB.Create(&language)
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Append(&language); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append account, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	user.Languages = append(user.Languages, language)
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Languages", 3, "AfterAppend")
-
-	var languages = []Language{
-		{Code: "language-many2many-append-1-1", Name: "language-many2many-append-1-1"},
-		{Code: "language-many2many-append-2-1", Name: "language-many2many-append-2-1"},
-	}
-	DB.Create(&languages)
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Append(&languages); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append language, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	user.Languages = append(user.Languages, languages...)
-
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Languages", 5, "AfterAppendSlice")
-
-	// Replace
-	var language2 = Language{Code: "language-many2many-replace", Name: "language-many2many-replace"}
-	DB.Create(&language2)
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Replace(&language2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append language, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	user.Languages = []Language{language2}
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Languages", 1, "AfterReplace")
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Delete(&Language{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete language, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Languages", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Delete(&language2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Languages, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Languages", 0, "after delete")
-
-	// Prepare Data for Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Append(&language); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Languages, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Languages", 1, "after prepare data")
-
-	// Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Languages").Clear(); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Languages, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Languages", 0, "after clear")
-}
-
-func TestMany2ManyAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
-	var users = []User{
-		*GetUser("slice-many2many-1", Config{Languages: 2}),
-		*GetUser("slice-many2many-2", Config{Languages: 0}),
-		*GetUser("slice-many2many-3", Config{Languages: 4}),
-	}
-
-	DB.Create(&users)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Languages", 6, "")
-
-	// Find
-	var languages []Language
-	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Languages").Find(&languages); len(languages) != 6 {
-		t.Errorf("languages count should be %v, but got %v", 6, len(languages))
-	}
-
-	// Append
-	var languages1 = []Language{
-		{Code: "language-many2many-append-1", Name: "language-many2many-append-1"},
-	}
-	var languages2 = []Language{}
-	var languages3 = []Language{
-		{Code: "language-many2many-append-3-1", Name: "language-many2many-append-3-1"},
-		{Code: "language-many2many-append-3-2", Name: "language-many2many-append-3-2"},
-	}
-	DB.Create(&languages1)
-	DB.Create(&languages3)
-
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Languages").Append(&languages1, &languages2, &languages3)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Languages", 9, "After Append")
-
-	languages2_1 := []*Language{
-		{Code: "language-slice-replace-1-1", Name: "language-slice-replace-1-1"},
-		{Code: "language-slice-replace-1-2", Name: "language-slice-replace-1-2"},
-	}
-	languages2_2 := []*Language{
-		{Code: "language-slice-replace-2-1", Name: "language-slice-replace-2-1"},
-		{Code: "language-slice-replace-2-2", Name: "language-slice-replace-2-2"},
-	}
-	languages2_3 := &Language{Code: "language-slice-replace-3", Name: "language-slice-replace-3"}
-	DB.Create(&languages2_1)
-	DB.Create(&languages2_2)
-	DB.Create(&languages2_3)
-
-	// Replace
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Languages").Replace(&languages2_1, &languages2_2, languages2_3)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Languages", 5, "After Replace")
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Languages").Delete(&users[2].Languages); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting language, but got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Languages", 4, "after delete")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Languages").Delete(users[0].Languages[0], users[1].Languages[1]); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting language, but got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Languages", 2, "after delete")
-
-	// Clear
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Languages").Clear()
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Languages", 0, "After Clear")
-}
-
-func TestSingleTableMany2ManyAssociation(t *testing.T) {
-	var user = *GetUser("many2many", Config{Friends: 2})
-
-	if err := DB.Create(&user).Error; err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	CheckUser(t, user, user)
-
-	// Find
-	var user2 User
-	DB.Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
-	DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Find(&user2.Friends)
-
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Friends", 2, "")
-
-	// Append
-	var friend = *GetUser("friend", Config{})
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Append(&friend); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append account, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	user.Friends = append(user.Friends, &friend)
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Friends", 3, "AfterAppend")
-
-	var friends = []*User{GetUser("friend-append-1", Config{}), GetUser("friend-append-2", Config{})}
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Append(&friends); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append friend, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	user.Friends = append(user.Friends, friends...)
-
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user, "Friends", 5, "AfterAppendSlice")
-
-	// Replace
-	var friend2 = *GetUser("friend-replace-2", Config{})
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Replace(&friend2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append friend, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	user.Friends = []*User{&friend2}
-	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Friends", 1, "AfterReplace")
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Delete(&User{}); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete friend, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Friends", 1, "after delete non-existing data")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Delete(&friend2); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when delete Friends, got %v", err)
-	}
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Friends", 0, "after delete")
-
-	// Prepare Data for Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Append(&friend); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Error happened when append Friends, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Friends", 1, "after prepare data")
-
-	// Clear
-	if err := DB.Model(&user2).Association("Friends").Clear(); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("Error happened when clear Friends, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, user2, "Friends", 0, "after clear")
-}
-
-func TestSingleTableMany2ManyAssociationForSlice(t *testing.T) {
-	var users = []User{
-		*GetUser("slice-many2many-1", Config{Team: 2}),
-		*GetUser("slice-many2many-2", Config{Team: 0}),
-		*GetUser("slice-many2many-3", Config{Team: 4}),
-	}
-
-	DB.Create(&users)
-
-	// Count
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 6, "")
-
-	// Find
-	var teams []User
-	if DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Find(&teams); len(teams) != 6 {
-		t.Errorf("teams count should be %v, but got %v", 6, len(teams))
-	}
-
-	// Append
-	var teams1 = []User{*GetUser("friend-append-1", Config{})}
-	var teams2 = []User{}
-	var teams3 = []*User{GetUser("friend-append-3-1", Config{}), GetUser("friend-append-3-2", Config{})}
-
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Append(&teams1, &teams2, &teams3)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 9, "After Append")
-
-	var teams2_1 = []User{*GetUser("friend-replace-1", Config{}), *GetUser("friend-replace-2", Config{})}
-	var teams2_2 = []User{*GetUser("friend-replace-2-1", Config{}), *GetUser("friend-replace-2-2", Config{})}
-	var teams2_3 = GetUser("friend-replace-3-1", Config{})
-
-	// Replace
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Replace(&teams2_1, &teams2_2, teams2_3)
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 5, "After Replace")
-
-	// Delete
-	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Delete(&users[2].Team); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting team, but got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 4, "after delete")
-
-	if err := DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Delete(users[0].Team[0], users[1].Team[1]); err != nil {
-		t.Errorf("no error should happend when deleting team, but got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 2, "after delete")
-
-	// Clear
-	DB.Model(&users).Association("Team").Clear()
-	AssertAssociationCount(t, users, "Team", 0, "After Clear")
 }