diff --git a/association.go b/association.go
index db77cc4e..140ae6ac 100644
--- a/association.go
+++ b/association.go
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ func (association *Association) saveAssociation(clear bool, values ...interface{
 			appendToRelations(reflectValue.Index(i), reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(values[i])), clear)
 
 			// TODO support save slice data, sql with case?
-			association.Error = association.DB.Session(&Session{}).Select(selectedSaveColumns).Model(nil).Save(reflectValue.Index(i).Addr().Interface()).Error
+			association.Error = association.DB.Session(&Session{}).Select(selectedSaveColumns).Model(nil).Updates(reflectValue.Index(i).Addr().Interface()).Error
 		}
 	case reflect.Struct:
 		// clear old data
@@ -439,7 +439,7 @@ func (association *Association) saveAssociation(clear bool, values ...interface{
 		}
 
 		if len(values) > 0 {
-			association.Error = association.DB.Session(&Session{}).Select(selectedSaveColumns).Model(nil).Save(reflectValue.Addr().Interface()).Error
+			association.Error = association.DB.Session(&Session{}).Select(selectedSaveColumns).Model(nil).Updates(reflectValue.Addr().Interface()).Error
 		}
 	}
 
diff --git a/callbacks/create.go b/callbacks/create.go
index c59b14b5..5de19d35 100644
--- a/callbacks/create.go
+++ b/callbacks/create.go
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ func ConvertToCreateValues(stmt *gorm.Statement) (values clause.Values) {
 	}
 
 	if stmt.UpdatingColumn {
-		if stmt.Schema != nil {
+		if stmt.Schema != nil && len(values.Columns) > 1 {
 			columns := make([]string, 0, len(values.Columns)-1)
 			for _, column := range values.Columns {
 				if field := stmt.Schema.LookUpField(column.Name); field != nil {
diff --git a/finisher_api.go b/finisher_api.go
index 824f2a2e..a205b859 100644
--- a/finisher_api.go
+++ b/finisher_api.go
@@ -42,11 +42,19 @@ func (db *DB) Save(value interface{}) (tx *DB) {
 
 		fallthrough
 	default:
-		if len(tx.Statement.Selects) == 0 {
+		selectedUpdate := len(tx.Statement.Selects) != 0
+		// when updating, use all fields including those zero-value fields
+		if !selectedUpdate {
 			tx.Statement.Selects = append(tx.Statement.Selects, "*")
 		}
 
 		tx.callbacks.Update().Execute(tx)
+
+		if tx.Error == nil && tx.RowsAffected == 0 && !tx.DryRun && !selectedUpdate {
+			if err := tx.Session(&Session{}).First(value).Error; errors.Is(err, ErrRecordNotFound) {
+				return tx.Create(value)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	return
diff --git a/tests/go.mod b/tests/go.mod
index 1a6fe7a8..c09747ab 100644
--- a/tests/go.mod
+++ b/tests/go.mod
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ require (
 	gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.0.0
 	gorm.io/driver/postgres v1.0.0
 	gorm.io/driver/sqlite v1.1.0
-	gorm.io/driver/sqlserver v1.0.0
+	gorm.io/driver/sqlserver v1.0.1
 	gorm.io/gorm v1.9.19
 )
 
diff --git a/tests/update_test.go b/tests/update_test.go
index d566c04d..1944ed3f 100644
--- a/tests/update_test.go
+++ b/tests/update_test.go
@@ -610,3 +610,23 @@ func TestSave(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("invalid updating SQL, got %v", stmt.SQL.String())
 	}
 }
+
+func TestSaveWithPrimaryValue(t *testing.T) {
+	lang := Language{Code: "save", Name: "save"}
+	if result := DB.Save(&lang); result.RowsAffected != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("should create language, rows affected: %v", result.RowsAffected)
+	}
+
+	var result Language
+	DB.First(&result, "code = ?", "save")
+	AssertEqual(t, result, lang)
+
+	lang.Name = "save name2"
+	if result := DB.Save(&lang); result.RowsAffected != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("should update language")
+	}
+
+	var result2 Language
+	DB.First(&result2, "code = ?", "save")
+	AssertEqual(t, result2, lang)
+}