diff --git a/clause/group_by.go b/clause/group_by.go
index c1383c36..88231916 100644
--- a/clause/group_by.go
+++ b/clause/group_by.go
@@ -30,8 +30,13 @@ func (groupBy GroupBy) Build(builder Builder) {
 // MergeClause merge group by clause
 func (groupBy GroupBy) MergeClause(clause *Clause) {
 	if v, ok := clause.Expression.(GroupBy); ok {
-		groupBy.Columns = append(v.Columns, groupBy.Columns...)
-		groupBy.Having = append(v.Having, groupBy.Having...)
+		copiedColumns := make([]Column, len(v.Columns))
+		copy(copiedColumns, v.Columns)
+		groupBy.Columns = append(copiedColumns, groupBy.Columns...)
+
+		copiedHaving := make([]Expression, len(v.Having))
+		copy(copiedHaving, v.Having)
+		groupBy.Having = append(copiedHaving, groupBy.Having...)
 	}
 	clause.Expression = groupBy
 }
diff --git a/clause/order_by.go b/clause/order_by.go
index 307bf930..a8a9539a 100644
--- a/clause/order_by.go
+++ b/clause/order_by.go
@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ func (orderBy OrderBy) MergeClause(clause *Clause) {
 			}
 		}
 
-		orderBy.Columns = append(v.Columns, orderBy.Columns...)
+		copiedColumns := make([]OrderByColumn, len(v.Columns))
+		copy(copiedColumns, v.Columns)
+		orderBy.Columns = append(copiedColumns, orderBy.Columns...)
 	}
 
 	clause.Expression = orderBy
diff --git a/clause/set.go b/clause/set.go
index 7704ca36..2d3965d3 100644
--- a/clause/set.go
+++ b/clause/set.go
@@ -32,7 +32,9 @@ func (set Set) Build(builder Builder) {
 
 // MergeClause merge assignments clauses
 func (set Set) MergeClause(clause *Clause) {
-	clause.Expression = set
+	copiedAssignments := make([]Assignment, len(set))
+	copy(copiedAssignments, set)
+	clause.Expression = Set(copiedAssignments)
 }
 
 func Assignments(values map[string]interface{}) Set {
diff --git a/clause/where.go b/clause/where.go
index 015addf8..806565d1 100644
--- a/clause/where.go
+++ b/clause/where.go
@@ -40,7 +40,9 @@ func (where Where) Build(builder Builder) {
 // MergeClause merge where clauses
 func (where Where) MergeClause(clause *Clause) {
 	if w, ok := clause.Expression.(Where); ok {
-		where.Exprs = append(w.Exprs, where.Exprs...)
+		copiedExpressions := make([]Expression, len(w.Exprs))
+		copy(copiedExpressions, w.Exprs)
+		where.Exprs = append(copiedExpressions, where.Exprs...)
 	}
 
 	clause.Expression = where
diff --git a/statement_test.go b/statement_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..7d730875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/statement_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package gorm
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+	
+	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
+)
+
+func TestWhereCloneCorruption(t *testing.T) {
+	for whereCount := 1; whereCount <= 8; whereCount++ {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("w=%d", whereCount), func(t *testing.T) {
+			s := new(Statement)
+			for w := 0; w < whereCount; w++ {
+				s = s.clone()
+				s.AddClause(clause.Where{
+					Exprs: s.BuildCondtion(fmt.Sprintf("where%d", w)),
+				})
+			}
+
+			s1 := s.clone()
+			s1.AddClause(clause.Where{
+				Exprs: s.BuildCondtion("FINAL1"),
+			})
+			s2 := s.clone()
+			s2.AddClause(clause.Where{
+				Exprs: s.BuildCondtion("FINAL2"),
+			})
+
+			if reflect.DeepEqual(s1.Clauses["WHERE"], s2.Clauses["WHERE"]) {
+				t.Errorf("Where conditions should be different")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+