diff --git a/encode.go b/encode.go
index 94a1108..50cb56a 100644
--- a/encode.go
+++ b/encode.go
@@ -27,7 +27,10 @@ type Encoder struct {
 }
 
 type compiledCode struct {
-	code *opcode
+	code    *opcode
+	linked  bool // whether recursive code already have linked
+	curLen  uintptr
+	nextLen uintptr
 }
 
 const (
diff --git a/encode_compile.go b/encode_compile.go
index cece1e9..1bfb3d3 100644
--- a/encode_compile.go
+++ b/encode_compile.go
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ func (e *Encoder) compileHead(ctx *encodeCompileContext) (*opcode, error) {
 		}
 		e.convertHeadOnlyCode(code, isPtr)
 		e.optimizeStructEnd(code)
+		e.linkRecursiveCode(code)
 		return code, nil
 	} else if isPtr && typ.Implements(marshalTextType) {
 		typ = orgType
@@ -46,9 +47,54 @@ func (e *Encoder) compileHead(ctx *encodeCompileContext) (*opcode, error) {
 	}
 	e.convertHeadOnlyCode(code, isPtr)
 	e.optimizeStructEnd(code)
+	e.linkRecursiveCode(code)
 	return code, nil
 }
 
+func (e *Encoder) linkRecursiveCode(c *opcode) {
+	for code := c; code.op != opEnd && code.op != opStructFieldRecursiveEnd; {
+		switch code.op {
+		case opStructFieldRecursive,
+			opStructFieldPtrAnonymousHeadRecursive,
+			opStructFieldAnonymousHeadRecursive:
+			if code.jmp.linked {
+				code = code.next
+				continue
+			}
+			code.jmp.code = copyOpcode(code.jmp.code)
+			c := code.jmp.code
+			c.end.next = newEndOp(&encodeCompileContext{})
+			c.op = c.op.ptrHeadToHead()
+
+			beforeLastCode := c.end
+			lastCode := beforeLastCode.next
+
+			lastCode.idx = beforeLastCode.idx + uintptrSize
+			lastCode.elemIdx = lastCode.idx + uintptrSize
+
+			// extend length to alloc slot for elemIdx
+			totalLength := uintptr(code.totalLength() + 1)
+			nextTotalLength := uintptr(c.totalLength() + 1)
+
+			c.end.next.op = opStructFieldRecursiveEnd
+
+			code.jmp.curLen = totalLength
+			code.jmp.nextLen = nextTotalLength
+			code.jmp.linked = true
+
+			e.linkRecursiveCode(code.jmp.code)
+			code = code.next
+			continue
+		}
+		switch code.op.codeType() {
+		case codeArrayElem, codeSliceElem, codeMapKey:
+			code = code.end
+		default:
+			code = code.next
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (e *Encoder) optimizeStructEnd(c *opcode) {
 	for code := c; code.op != opEnd; {
 		if code.op == opStructFieldRecursive {
diff --git a/encode_context.go b/encode_context.go
index 52f1e93..0713f90 100644
--- a/encode_context.go
+++ b/encode_context.go
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ func (c *encodeCompileContext) decPtrIndex() {
 type encodeRuntimeContext struct {
 	ptrs     []uintptr
 	keepRefs []unsafe.Pointer
+	seenPtr  []uintptr
 }
 
 func (c *encodeRuntimeContext) init(p uintptr, codelen int) {
@@ -94,6 +95,7 @@ func (c *encodeRuntimeContext) init(p uintptr, codelen int) {
 	}
 	c.ptrs[0] = p
 	c.keepRefs = c.keepRefs[:0]
+	c.seenPtr = c.seenPtr[:0]
 }
 
 func (c *encodeRuntimeContext) ptr() uintptr {
diff --git a/encode_vm.go b/encode_vm.go
index 58956ff..c68caf6 100644
--- a/encode_vm.go
+++ b/encode_vm.go
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ func errMarshaler(code *opcode, err error) *MarshalerError {
 
 func (e *Encoder) run(ctx *encodeRuntimeContext, b []byte, code *opcode) ([]byte, error) {
 	recursiveLevel := 0
-	var seenPtr map[uintptr]struct{}
 	ptrOffset := uintptr(0)
 	ctxptr := ctx.ptr()
 
@@ -200,13 +199,12 @@ func (e *Encoder) run(ctx *encodeRuntimeContext, b []byte, code *opcode) ([]byte
 				code = code.next
 				break
 			}
-			if seenPtr == nil {
-				seenPtr = map[uintptr]struct{}{}
+			for _, seen := range ctx.seenPtr {
+				if ptr == seen {
+					return nil, errUnsupportedValue(code, ptr)
+				}
 			}
-			if _, exists := seenPtr[ptr]; exists {
-				return nil, errUnsupportedValue(code, ptr)
-			}
-			seenPtr[ptr] = struct{}{}
+			ctx.seenPtr = append(ctx.seenPtr, ptr)
 			v := e.ptrToInterface(code, ptr)
 			ctx.keepRefs = append(ctx.keepRefs, unsafe.Pointer(&v))
 			rv := reflect.ValueOf(v)
@@ -540,46 +538,29 @@ func (e *Encoder) run(ctx *encodeRuntimeContext, b []byte, code *opcode) ([]byte
 			ptr := load(ctxptr, code.idx)
 			if ptr != 0 {
 				if recursiveLevel > startDetectingCyclesAfter {
-					if _, exists := seenPtr[ptr]; exists {
-						return nil, errUnsupportedValue(code, ptr)
+					for _, seen := range ctx.seenPtr {
+						if ptr == seen {
+							return nil, errUnsupportedValue(code, ptr)
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
-			if seenPtr == nil {
-				seenPtr = map[uintptr]struct{}{}
-			}
-			seenPtr[ptr] = struct{}{}
+			ctx.seenPtr = append(ctx.seenPtr, ptr)
 			c := code.jmp.code
-			c.end.next = newEndOp(&encodeCompileContext{})
-			c.op = c.op.ptrHeadToHead()
-
-			beforeLastCode := c.end
-			lastCode := beforeLastCode.next
-
-			lastCode.idx = beforeLastCode.idx + uintptrSize
-			lastCode.elemIdx = lastCode.idx + uintptrSize
-
-			// extend length to alloc slot for elemIdx
-			totalLength := uintptr(code.totalLength() + 1)
-			nextTotalLength := uintptr(c.totalLength() + 1)
-
 			curlen := uintptr(len(ctx.ptrs))
 			offsetNum := ptrOffset / uintptrSize
 			oldOffset := ptrOffset
-			ptrOffset += totalLength * uintptrSize
+			ptrOffset += code.jmp.curLen * uintptrSize
 
-			newLen := offsetNum + totalLength + nextTotalLength
+			newLen := offsetNum + code.jmp.curLen + code.jmp.nextLen
 			if curlen < newLen {
 				ctx.ptrs = append(ctx.ptrs, make([]uintptr, newLen-curlen)...)
 			}
 			ctxptr = ctx.ptr() + ptrOffset // assign new ctxptr
 
 			store(ctxptr, c.idx, ptr)
-			store(ctxptr, lastCode.idx, oldOffset)
-			store(ctxptr, lastCode.elemIdx, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(code.next)))
-
-			// link lastCode ( opStructFieldRecursiveEnd ) => code.next
-			lastCode.op = opStructFieldRecursiveEnd
+			store(ctxptr, c.end.next.idx, oldOffset)
+			store(ctxptr, c.end.next.elemIdx, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(code.next)))
 			code = c
 			recursiveLevel++
 		case opStructFieldRecursiveEnd:
@@ -587,8 +568,10 @@ func (e *Encoder) run(ctx *encodeRuntimeContext, b []byte, code *opcode) ([]byte
 
 			// restore ctxptr
 			offset := load(ctxptr, code.idx)
-			ptr := load(ctxptr, code.elemIdx)
-			code = (*opcode)(e.ptrToUnsafePtr(ptr))
+			ctx.seenPtr = ctx.seenPtr[:len(ctx.seenPtr)-1]
+
+			codePtr := load(ctxptr, code.elemIdx)
+			code = (*opcode)(e.ptrToUnsafePtr(codePtr))
 			ctxptr = ctx.ptr() + offset
 			ptrOffset = offset
 		case opStructFieldPtrHead:
diff --git a/encode_vm_escaped.go b/encode_vm_escaped.go
index e08fde6..862b923 100644
--- a/encode_vm_escaped.go
+++ b/encode_vm_escaped.go
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 
 func (e *Encoder) runEscaped(ctx *encodeRuntimeContext, b []byte, code *opcode) ([]byte, error) {
 	recursiveLevel := 0
-	var seenPtr map[uintptr]struct{}
 	ptrOffset := uintptr(0)
 	ctxptr := ctx.ptr()
 
@@ -162,13 +161,12 @@ func (e *Encoder) runEscaped(ctx *encodeRuntimeContext, b []byte, code *opcode)
 				code = code.next
 				break
 			}
-			if seenPtr == nil {
-				seenPtr = map[uintptr]struct{}{}
+			for _, seen := range ctx.seenPtr {
+				if ptr == seen {
+					return nil, errUnsupportedValue(code, ptr)
+				}
 			}
-			if _, exists := seenPtr[ptr]; exists {
-				return nil, errUnsupportedValue(code, ptr)
-			}
-			seenPtr[ptr] = struct{}{}
+			ctx.seenPtr = append(ctx.seenPtr, ptr)
 			v := e.ptrToInterface(code, ptr)
 			ctx.keepRefs = append(ctx.keepRefs, unsafe.Pointer(&v))
 			rv := reflect.ValueOf(v)
@@ -502,46 +500,29 @@ func (e *Encoder) runEscaped(ctx *encodeRuntimeContext, b []byte, code *opcode)
 			ptr := load(ctxptr, code.idx)
 			if ptr != 0 {
 				if recursiveLevel > startDetectingCyclesAfter {
-					if _, exists := seenPtr[ptr]; exists {
-						return nil, errUnsupportedValue(code, ptr)
+					for _, seen := range ctx.seenPtr {
+						if ptr == seen {
+							return nil, errUnsupportedValue(code, ptr)
+						}
 					}
 				}
 			}
-			if seenPtr == nil {
-				seenPtr = map[uintptr]struct{}{}
-			}
-			seenPtr[ptr] = struct{}{}
+			ctx.seenPtr = append(ctx.seenPtr, ptr)
 			c := code.jmp.code
-			c.end.next = newEndOp(&encodeCompileContext{})
-			c.op = c.op.ptrHeadToHead()
-
-			beforeLastCode := c.end
-			lastCode := beforeLastCode.next
-
-			lastCode.idx = beforeLastCode.idx + uintptrSize
-			lastCode.elemIdx = lastCode.idx + uintptrSize
-
-			// extend length to alloc slot for elemIdx
-			totalLength := uintptr(code.totalLength() + 1)
-			nextTotalLength := uintptr(c.totalLength() + 1)
-
 			curlen := uintptr(len(ctx.ptrs))
 			offsetNum := ptrOffset / uintptrSize
 			oldOffset := ptrOffset
-			ptrOffset += totalLength * uintptrSize
+			ptrOffset += code.jmp.curLen * uintptrSize
 
-			newLen := offsetNum + totalLength + nextTotalLength
+			newLen := offsetNum + code.jmp.curLen + code.jmp.nextLen
 			if curlen < newLen {
 				ctx.ptrs = append(ctx.ptrs, make([]uintptr, newLen-curlen)...)
 			}
 			ctxptr = ctx.ptr() + ptrOffset // assign new ctxptr
 
 			store(ctxptr, c.idx, ptr)
-			store(ctxptr, lastCode.idx, oldOffset)
-			store(ctxptr, lastCode.elemIdx, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(code.next)))
-
-			// link lastCode ( opStructFieldRecursiveEnd ) => code.next
-			lastCode.op = opStructFieldRecursiveEnd
+			store(ctxptr, c.end.next.idx, oldOffset)
+			store(ctxptr, c.end.next.elemIdx, uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(code.next)))
 			code = c
 			recursiveLevel++
 		case opStructFieldRecursiveEnd:
@@ -549,8 +530,10 @@ func (e *Encoder) runEscaped(ctx *encodeRuntimeContext, b []byte, code *opcode)
 
 			// restore ctxptr
 			offset := load(ctxptr, code.idx)
-			ptr := load(ctxptr, code.elemIdx)
-			code = (*opcode)(e.ptrToUnsafePtr(ptr))
+			ctx.seenPtr = ctx.seenPtr[:len(ctx.seenPtr)-1]
+
+			codePtr := load(ctxptr, code.elemIdx)
+			code = (*opcode)(e.ptrToUnsafePtr(codePtr))
 			ctxptr = ctx.ptr() + offset
 			ptrOffset = offset
 		case opStructFieldPtrHead: