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Gin is a web framework written in Go (Golang). It features a martini-like API with much better performance, up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin.
```sh
# assume the following codes in example.go file
$ cat example.go
```
```go
package main
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"message": "pong",
})
})
r.Run() // listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
}
```
```
# run example.go and visit 0.0.0.0:8080/ping on browser
$ go run example.go
```
## Benchmarks
Gin uses a custom version of [HttpRouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter)
[See all benchmarks](/BENCHMARKS.md)
Benchmark name | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4)
--------------------------------------------|-----------:|------------:|-----------:|---------:
**BenchmarkGin_GithubAll** | **30000** | **48375** | **0** | **0**
BenchmarkAce_GithubAll | 10000 | 134059 | 13792 | 167
BenchmarkBear_GithubAll | 5000 | 534445 | 86448 | 943
BenchmarkBeego_GithubAll | 3000 | 592444 | 74705 | 812
BenchmarkBone_GithubAll | 200 | 6957308 | 698784 | 8453
BenchmarkDenco_GithubAll | 10000 | 158819 | 20224 | 167
BenchmarkEcho_GithubAll | 10000 | 154700 | 6496 | 203
BenchmarkGocraftWeb_GithubAll | 3000 | 570806 | 131656 | 1686
BenchmarkGoji_GithubAll | 2000 | 818034 | 56112 | 334
BenchmarkGojiv2_GithubAll | 2000 | 1213973 | 274768 | 3712
BenchmarkGoJsonRest_GithubAll | 2000 | 785796 | 134371 | 2737
BenchmarkGoRestful_GithubAll | 300 | 5238188 | 689672 | 4519
BenchmarkGorillaMux_GithubAll | 100 | 10257726 | 211840 | 2272
BenchmarkHttpRouter_GithubAll | 20000 | 105414 | 13792 | 167
BenchmarkHttpTreeMux_GithubAll | 10000 | 319934 | 65856 | 671
BenchmarkKocha_GithubAll | 10000 | 209442 | 23304 | 843
BenchmarkLARS_GithubAll | 20000 | 62565 | 0 | 0
BenchmarkMacaron_GithubAll | 2000 | 1161270 | 204194 | 2000
BenchmarkMartini_GithubAll | 200 | 9991713 | 226549 | 2325
BenchmarkPat_GithubAll | 200 | 5590793 | 1499568 | 27435
BenchmarkPossum_GithubAll | 10000 | 319768 | 84448 | 609
BenchmarkR2router_GithubAll | 10000 | 305134 | 77328 | 979
BenchmarkRivet_GithubAll | 10000 | 132134 | 16272 | 167
BenchmarkTango_GithubAll | 3000 | 552754 | 63826 | 1618
BenchmarkTigerTonic_GithubAll | 1000 | 1439483 | 239104 | 5374
BenchmarkTraffic_GithubAll | 100 | 11383067 | 2659329 | 21848
BenchmarkVulcan_GithubAll | 5000 | 394253 | 19894 | 609
(1): Total Repetitions achieved in constant time, higher means more confident result
(2): Single Repetition Duration (ns/op), lower is better
(3): Heap Memory (B/op), lower is better
(4): Average Allocations per Repetition (allocs/op), lower is better
## Gin v1. stable
- [x] Zero allocation router.
- [x] Still the fastest http router and framework. From routing to writing.
- [x] Complete suite of unit tests
- [x] Battle tested
- [x] API frozen, new releases will not break your code.
## Start using it
1. Download and install it:
```sh
$ go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin
```
2. Import it in your code:
```go
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
```
3. (Optional) Import `net/http`. This is required for example if using constants such as `http.StatusOK`.
```go
import "net/http"
```
### Use a vendor tool like [Govendor](https://github.com/kardianos/govendor)
1. `go get` govendor
```sh
$ go get github.com/kardianos/govendor
```
2. Create your project folder and `cd` inside
```sh
$ mkdir -p ~/go/src/github.com/myusername/project && cd "$_"
```
3. Vendor init your project and add gin
```sh
$ govendor init
$ govendor fetch github.com/gin-gonic/gin@v1.2
```
4. Copy a starting template inside your project
```sh
$ curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gin-gonic/gin/master/examples/basic/main.go > main.go
```
5. Run your project
```sh
$ go run main.go
```
## Build with [jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go)
Gin use `encoding/json` as default json package but you can change to [jsoniter](https://github.com/json-iterator/go) by build from other tags.
```sh
$ go build -tags=jsoniter .
```
## API Examples
### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS
```go
func main() {
// Disable Console Color
// gin.DisableConsoleColor()
// Creates a gin router with default middleware:
// logger and recovery (crash-free) middleware
router := gin.Default()
router.GET("/someGet", getting)
router.POST("/somePost", posting)
router.PUT("/somePut", putting)
router.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
router.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
router.HEAD("/someHead", head)
router.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)
// By default it serves on :8080 unless a
// PORT environment variable was defined.
router.Run()
// router.Run(":3000") for a hard coded port
}
```
### Parameters in path
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// This handler will match /user/john but will not match neither /user/ or /user
router.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s", name)
})
// However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
// If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/john/
router.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
name := c.Param("name")
action := c.Param("action")
message := name + " is " + action
c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
### Querystring parameters
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Query string parameters are parsed using the existing underlying request object.
// The request responds to a url matching: /welcome?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
router.GET("/welcome", func(c *gin.Context) {
firstname := c.DefaultQuery("firstname", "Guest")
lastname := c.Query("lastname") // shortcut for c.Request.URL.Query().Get("lastname")
c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello %s %s", firstname, lastname)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
### Multipart/Urlencoded Form
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/form_post", func(c *gin.Context) {
message := c.PostForm("message")
nick := c.DefaultPostForm("nick", "anonymous")
c.JSON(200, gin.H{
"status": "posted",
"message": message,
"nick": nick,
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
### Another example: query + post form
```
POST /post?id=1234&page=1 HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
name=manu&message=this_is_great
```
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/post", func(c *gin.Context) {
id := c.Query("id")
page := c.DefaultQuery("page", "0")
name := c.PostForm("name")
message := c.PostForm("message")
fmt.Printf("id: %s; page: %s; name: %s; message: %s", id, page, name, message)
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
```
id: 1234; page: 1; name: manu; message: this_is_great
```
### Upload files
#### Single file
References issue [#774](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/774) and detail [example code](examples/upload-file/single).
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
// single file
file, _ := c.FormFile("file")
log.Println(file.Filename)
// Upload the file to specific dst.
// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("'%s' uploaded!", file.Filename))
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
How to `curl`:
```bash
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
-F "file=@/Users/appleboy/test.zip" \
-H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
```
#### Multiple files
See the detail [example code](examples/upload-file/multiple).
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/upload", func(c *gin.Context) {
// Multipart form
form, _ := c.MultipartForm()
files := form.File["upload[]"]
for _, file := range files {
log.Println(file.Filename)
// Upload the file to specific dst.
// c.SaveUploadedFile(file, dst)
}
c.String(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf("%d files uploaded!", len(files)))
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
How to `curl`:
```bash
curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/upload \
-F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test1.zip" \
-F "upload[]=@/Users/appleboy/test2.zip" \
-H "Content-Type: multipart/form-data"
```
### Grouping routes
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Simple group: v1
v1 := router.Group("/v1")
{
v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
}
// Simple group: v2
v2 := router.Group("/v2")
{
v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
}
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
### Blank Gin without middleware by default
Use
```go
r := gin.New()
```
instead of
```go
r := gin.Default()
```
### Using middleware
```go
func main() {
// Creates a router without any middleware by default
r := gin.New()
// Global middleware
r.Use(gin.Logger())
r.Use(gin.Recovery())
// Per route middleware, you can add as many as you desire.
r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)
// Authorization group
// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
// exactly the same as:
authorized := r.Group("/")
// per group middleware! in this case we use the custom created
// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
{
authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
// nested group
testing := authorized.Group("testing")
testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
}
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
```
### Model binding and validation
To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).
Gin uses [**go-playground/validator.v8**](https://github.com/go-playground/validator) for validation. Check the full docs on tags usage [here](http://godoc.org/gopkg.in/go-playground/validator.v8#hdr-Baked_In_Validators_and_Tags).
Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set `json:"fieldname"`.
When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use BindWith.
You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with `binding:"required"` and has a empty value when binding, the current request will fail with an error.
```go
// Binding from JSON
type Login struct {
User string `form:"user" json:"user" binding:"required"`
Password string `form:"password" json:"password" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
// Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
router.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
var json Login
if c.BindJSON(&json) == nil {
if json.User == "manu" && json.Password == "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
} else {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
}
}
})
// Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
router.POST("/loginForm", func(c *gin.Context) {
var form Login
// This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
if c.Bind(&form) == nil {
if form.User == "manu" && form.Password == "123" {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
} else {
c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
}
}
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
### Only Bind Query String
`BindQuery` function only binds the query params and not the post data. See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-315953017).
```go
package main
import (
"log"
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type Person struct {
Name string `form:"name"`
Address string `form:"address"`
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
route.Any("/testing", startPage)
route.Run(":8085")
}
func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
var person Person
if c.BindQuery(&person) == nil {
log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")
log.Println(person.Name)
log.Println(person.Address)
}
c.String(200, "Success")
}
```
### Bind Query String or Post Data
See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/742#issuecomment-264681292).
```go
package main
import "log"
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
type Person struct {
Name string `form:"name"`
Address string `form:"address"`
}
func main() {
route := gin.Default()
route.GET("/testing", startPage)
route.Run(":8085")
}
func startPage(c *gin.Context) {
var person Person
// If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.
// If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).
// See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L48
if c.Bind(&person) == nil {
log.Println(person.Name)
log.Println(person.Address)
}
c.String(200, "Success")
}
```
### Bind HTML checkboxes
See the [detail information](https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/129#issuecomment-124260092)
main.go
```go
...
type myForm struct {
Colors []string `form:"colors[]"`
}
...
func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {
var fakeForm myForm
c.Bind(&fakeForm)
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors})
}
...
```
form.html
```html
```
result:
```
{"color":["red","green","blue"]}
```
### Multipart/Urlencoded binding
```go
package main
import (
"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)
type LoginForm struct {
User string `form:"user" binding:"required"`
Password string `form:"password" binding:"required"`
}
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {
// you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:
// c.MustBindWith(&form, binding.Form)
// or you can simply use autobinding with Bind method:
var form LoginForm
// in this case proper binding will be automatically selected
if c.Bind(&form) == nil {
if form.User == "user" && form.Password == "password" {
c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
} else {
c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
}
}
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
Test it with:
```sh
$ curl -v --form user=user --form password=password http://localhost:8080/login
```
### XML, JSON and YAML rendering
```go
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
// You also can use a struct
var msg struct {
Name string `json:"user"`
Message string
Number int
}
msg.Name = "Lena"
msg.Message = "hey"
msg.Number = 123
// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
// Will output : {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
})
r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
r.GET("/someYAML", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.YAML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
```
#### SecureJSON
Using SecureJSON to prevent json hijacking. Default prepends `"while(1),"` to response body if the given struct is array values.
```go
func main() {
r := gin.Default()
// You can also use your own secure json prefix
// r.SecureJsonPrefix(")]}',\n")
r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
names := []string{"lena", "austin", "foo"}
// Will output : while(1);["lena","austin","foo"]
c.SecureJSON(http.StatusOK, names)
})
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
r.Run(":8080")
}
```
### Serving static files
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.Static("/assets", "./assets")
router.StaticFS("/more_static", http.Dir("my_file_system"))
router.StaticFile("/favicon.ico", "./resources/favicon.ico")
// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
### HTML rendering
Using LoadHTMLGlob() or LoadHTMLFiles()
```go
func main() {
router := gin.Default()
router.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
//router.LoadHTMLFiles("templates/template1.html", "templates/template2.html")
router.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", gin.H{
"title": "Main website",
})
})
router.Run(":8080")
}
```
templates/index.tmpl
```html
Using posts/index.tmpl
{{ end }} ``` templates/users/index.tmpl ```html {{ define "users/index.tmpl" }}Using users/index.tmpl
{{ end }} ``` #### Custom Template renderer You can also use your own html template render ```go import "html/template" func main() { router := gin.Default() html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2")) router.SetHTMLTemplate(html) router.Run(":8080") } ``` #### Custom Delimiters You may use custom delims ```go r := gin.Default() r.Delims("{[{", "}]}") r.LoadHTMLGlob("/path/to/templates")) ``` #### Custom Template Funcs See the detail [example code](examples/template). main.go ```go import ( "fmt" "html/template" "net/http" "time" "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" ) func formatAsDate(t time.Time) string { year, month, day := t.Date() return fmt.Sprintf("%d%02d/%02d", year, month, day) } func main() { router := gin.Default() router.Delims("{[{", "}]}") router.SetFuncMap(template.FuncMap{ "formatAsDate": formatAsDate, }) router.LoadHTMLFiles("./fixtures/basic/raw.tmpl") router.GET("/raw", func(c *gin.Context) { c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "raw.tmpl", map[string]interface{}{ "now": time.Date(2017, 07, 01, 0, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC), }) }) router.Run(":8080") } ``` raw.tmpl ```html Date: {[{.now | formatAsDate}]} ``` Result: ``` Date: 2017/07/01 ``` ### Multitemplate Gin allow by default use only one html.Template. Check [a multitemplate render](https://github.com/gin-contrib/multitemplate) for using features like go 1.6 `block template`. ### Redirects Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy: ```go r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) { c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/") }) ``` Both internal and external locations are supported. ### HTML rendering from String For services that doesn't want to store HTML files on disk, you can use the `StringHTML()` method that will render an HTML from the provided `String`: ```go r.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) { c.StringHTML(200, "