gin/README.md

#Gin Web Framework [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/gin-gonic/gin.svg)](https://travis-ci.org/gin-gonic/gin) [![Coverage Status](https://coveralls.io/repos/gin-gonic/gin/badge.svg?branch=develop)](https://coveralls.io/r/gin-gonic/gin?branch=develop)

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Gin is a web framework written in Golang. It features a martini-like API with much better performance, up to 40 times faster thanks to [httprouter](https://github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter). If you need performance and good productivity, you will love Gin. 

![Gin console logger](https://gin-gonic.github.io/gin/other/console.png)

```
$ cat test.go
```
```go
package main

import (
	"net/http"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	router.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.String(http.StatusOK, "hello world")
	})
	router.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
	})
	router.POST("/submit", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.String(http.StatusUnauthorized, "not authorized")
	})
	router.PUT("/error", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "an error happened :(")
	})
	router.Run(":8080")
}
```

##Gin is new, will it be supported?

Yes, Gin is an internal tool of [Manu](https://github.com/manucorporat) and [Javi](https://github.com/javierprovecho) for many of our projects/start-ups. We developed it and we are going to continue using and improve it.


##Roadmap for v1.0
- [ ] Ask our designer for a cool logo
- [ ] Add tons of unit tests
- [ ] Add internal benchmarks suite
- [ ] More powerful validation API
- [ ] Improve documentation
- [ ] Add Swagger support
- [x] Stable API
- [x] Improve logging system
- [x] Improve JSON/XML validation using bindings
- [x] Improve XML support
- [x] Flexible rendering system
- [x] Add more cool middlewares, for example redis caching (this also helps developers to understand the framework).
- [x] Continuous integration
- [x] Performance improments, reduce allocation and garbage collection overhead
- [x] Fix bugs



## Start using it
Obviously, you need to have Git and Go already installed to run Gin.  
Run this in your terminal

```
go get github.com/gin-gonic/gin
```
Then import it in your Go code:

```
import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
```

##API Examples

#### Create most basic PING/PONG HTTP endpoint
```go 
package main

import (
	"net/http"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	r.GET("/ping", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.String(http.StatusOK, "pong")
	})

	// Listen and serve on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```

#### Using GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE and OPTIONS

```go
func main() {
	// Creates a gin router + logger and recovery (crash-free) middlewares
	r := gin.Default()

	r.GET("/someGet", getting)
	r.POST("/somePost", posting)
	r.PUT("/somePut", putting)
	r.DELETE("/someDelete", deleting)
	r.PATCH("/somePatch", patching)
	r.HEAD("/someHead", head)
	r.OPTIONS("/someOptions", options)

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```

#### Parameters in path

```go
func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	
	// This handler will match /user/john but will not match neither /user/ or /user
	r.GET("/user/:name", func(c *gin.Context) {
		name := c.Params.ByName("name")
		message := "Hello "+name
		c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
	})

	// However, this one will match /user/john/ and also /user/john/send
	// If no other routers match /user/john, it will redirect to /user/join/
	r.GET("/user/:name/*action", func(c *gin.Context) {
		name := c.Params.ByName("name")
		action := c.Params.ByName("action")
		message := name + " is " + action
		c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
	})
	
	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```

#### Querystring parameters
```go
func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	
	// Query string parameters are parsed used the existing underlying request object.  
	// The request responds to a url matching:  /search?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
	r.GET("/search", func(c *gin.Context) {
		firstname := c.Request.URL.Query().Get("firstname")
		lastname := c.Request.URL.Quert().Get("lastname")
		message := "Hello " + firstname + lastname
		c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
	})
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```

###Form parameters
```go
func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	
	// This will respond to urls like search?firstname=Jane&lastname=Doe
	r.GET("/search", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// You need to call ParseForm() on the request to receive url and form params first
		c.Request.ParseForm()
		
		firstname := c.Request.Form.Get("firstname")
		lastname := c.Request.Form.Get("lastname")

		message := "Hello "+ firstname + lastname
		c.String(http.StatusOK, message)
	})
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```

###Multipart Form
```go
package main

import (
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin/binding"
)

type LoginForm struct {
	User     string `form:"user" binding:"required"`
	Password string `form:"password" binding:"required"`
}

func main() {

	r := gin.Default()

	r.POST("/login", func(c *gin.Context) {

		var form LoginForm
		c.BindWith(&form, binding.MultipartForm)

		if form.User == "user" && form.Password == "password" {
			c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
		} else {
			c.JSON(401, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
		}

	})

	r.Run(":8080")

}
```

Test it with:
```bash
$ curl -v --form user=user --form password=password http://localhost:8080/login
```

#### Grouping routes
```go
func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// Simple group: v1
	v1 := r.Group("/v1")
	{
		v1.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
		v1.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
		v1.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
	}

	// Simple group: v2
	v2 := r.Group("/v2")
	{
		v2.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
		v2.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
		v2.POST("/read", readEndpoint)
	}

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```


#### Blank Gin without middlewares by default

Use

```go
r := gin.New()
```
instead of

```go
r := gin.Default()
```


#### Using middlewares
```go
func main() {
	// Creates a router without any middleware by default
	r := gin.New()

	// Global middlewares
	r.Use(gin.Logger())
	r.Use(gin.Recovery())

	// Per route middlewares, you can add as many as you desire.
	r.GET("/benchmark", MyBenchLogger(), benchEndpoint)

	// Authorization group
	// authorized := r.Group("/", AuthRequired())
	// exactly the same than:
	authorized := r.Group("/")
	// per group middlewares! in this case we use the custom created
	// AuthRequired() middleware just in the "authorized" group.
	authorized.Use(AuthRequired())
	{
		authorized.POST("/login", loginEndpoint)
		authorized.POST("/submit", submitEndpoint)
		authorized.POST("/read", readEndpoint)

		// nested group
		testing := authorized.Group("testing")
		testing.GET("/analytics", analyticsEndpoint)
	}

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```

#### Model binding and validation

To bind a request body into a type, use model binding. We currently support binding of JSON, XML and standard form values (foo=bar&boo=baz).

Note that you need to set the corresponding binding tag on all fields you want to bind. For example, when binding from JSON, set `json:"fieldname"`.

When using the Bind-method, Gin tries to infer the binder depending on the Content-Type header. If you are sure what you are binding, you can use BindWith. 

You can also specify that specific fields are required. If a field is decorated with `binding:"required"` and has a empty value when binding, the current request will fail with an error.

```go
// Binding from JSON
type LoginJSON struct {
	User     string `json:"user" binding:"required"`
	Password string `json:"password" binding:"required"`
}

// Binding from form values
type LoginForm struct {
    User     string `form:"user" binding:"required"`
    Password string `form:"password" binding:"required"`   
}

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

    // Example for binding JSON ({"user": "manu", "password": "123"})
	r.POST("/loginJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		var json LoginJSON

        c.Bind(&json) // This will infer what binder to use depending on the content-type header.
        if json.User == "manu" && json.Password == "123" {
            c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
        } else {
            c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
        }
	})

    // Example for binding a HTML form (user=manu&password=123)
    r.POST("/loginHTML", func(c *gin.Context) {
        var form LoginForm

        c.BindWith(&form, binding.Form) // You can also specify which binder to use. We support binding.Form, binding.JSON and binding.XML.
        if form.User == "manu" && form.Password == "123" {
            c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "you are logged in"})
        } else {
            c.JSON(http.StatusUnauthorized, gin.H{"status": "unauthorized"})
        }
    })

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```

#### XML and JSON rendering

```go
func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// gin.H is a shortcut for map[string]interface{}
	r.GET("/someJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
	})

	r.GET("/moreJSON", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// You also can use a struct
		var msg struct {
			Name    string `json:"user"`
			Message string
			Number  int
		}
		msg.Name = "Lena"
		msg.Message = "hey"
		msg.Number = 123
		// Note that msg.Name becomes "user" in the JSON
		// Will output  :   {"user": "Lena", "Message": "hey", "Number": 123}
		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, msg)
	})

	r.GET("/someXML", func(c *gin.Context) {
		c.XML(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"message": "hey", "status": http.StatusOK})
	})

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```

####Serving static files
Use Engine.ServeFiles(path string, root http.FileSystem):

```go
func main() {
    r := gin.Default()
    r.Static("/assets", "./assets")

    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run(":8080")
}
```

Use the following example to serve static files at top level route of your domain. Files are being served from directory ./html.

```
r := gin.Default()
r.Use(static.Serve("/", static.LocalFile("html", false)))
```

Note: this will use `httpNotFound` instead of the Router's `NotFound` handler.

####HTML rendering

Using LoadHTMLTemplates()

```go
func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	r.LoadHTMLGlob("templates/*")
	r.GET("/index", func(c *gin.Context) {
		obj := gin.H{"title": "Main website"}
		c.HTML(http.StatusOK, "index.tmpl", obj)
	})

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```
```html
<h1>
	{{ .title }}
</h1>
```

You can also use your own html template render

```go
import "html/template"

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()
	html := template.Must(template.ParseFiles("file1", "file2"))
	r.SetHTMLTemplate(html)

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```

#####Using layout files with templates
```go
var baseTemplate = "main.tmpl"

r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {
    r.SetHTMLTemplate(template.Must(template.ParseFiles(baseTemplate, "whatever.tmpl")))
    c.HTML(200, "base", data)
})
```
main.tmpl
```html
{{define "base"}}
<html>
    <head></head>
    <body>
        {{template "content" .}}
    </body>
</html>
{{end}}
```
whatever.tmpl
```html
{{define "content"}}
<h1>Hello World!</h1>
{{end}}
```

#### Redirects

Issuing a HTTP redirect is easy:

```go
r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
	c.Redirect(http.StatusMovedPermanently, "http://www.google.com/")
})
```
Both internal and external locations are supported.


#### Custom Middlewares

```go
func Logger() gin.HandlerFunc {
	return func(c *gin.Context) {
		t := time.Now()

		// Set example variable
		c.Set("example", "12345")

		// before request

		c.Next()

		// after request
		latency := time.Since(t)
		log.Print(latency)

		// access the status we are sending
		status := c.Writer.Status()
		log.Println(status)
	}
}

func main() {
	r := gin.New()
	r.Use(Logger())

	r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
		example := c.MustGet("example").(string)

		// it would print: "12345"
		log.Println(example)
	})

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```

#### Using BasicAuth() middleware
```go
// simulate some private data
var secrets = gin.H{
	"foo":    gin.H{"email": "foo@bar.com", "phone": "123433"},
	"austin": gin.H{"email": "austin@example.com", "phone": "666"},
	"lena":   gin.H{"email": "lena@guapa.com", "phone": "523443"},
}

func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	// Group using gin.BasicAuth() middleware
	// gin.Accounts is a shortcut for map[string]string
	authorized := r.Group("/admin", gin.BasicAuth(gin.Accounts{
		"foo":    "bar",
		"austin": "1234",
		"lena":   "hello2",
		"manu":   "4321",
	}))

	// /admin/secrets endpoint
	// hit "localhost:8080/admin/secrets
	authorized.GET("/secrets", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// get user, it was setted by the BasicAuth middleware
		user := c.MustGet(gin.AuthUserKey).(string)
		if secret, ok := secrets[user]; ok {
			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": secret})
		} else {
			c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"user": user, "secret": "NO SECRET :("})
		}
	})

	// Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
	r.Run(":8080")
}
```


#### Goroutines inside a middleware
When starting inside a middleware or handler, you **SHOULD NOT** use the original context inside it, you have to use a read-only copy.

```go
func main() {
	r := gin.Default()

	r.GET("/long_async", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// create copy to be used inside the goroutine
		c_cp := c.Copy()
		go func() {
			// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
			time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)

			// note than you are using the copied context "c_cp", IMPORTANT
			log.Println("Done! in path " + c_cp.Request.URL.Path)
		}()
	})


	r.GET("/long_sync", func(c *gin.Context) {
		// simulate a long task with time.Sleep(). 5 seconds
		time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)

		// since we are NOT using a goroutine, we do not have to copy the context
		log.Println("Done! in path " + c.Request.URL.Path)
	})

    // Listen and server on 0.0.0.0:8080
    r.Run(":8080")
}
```

#### Custom HTTP configuration

Use `http.ListenAndServe()` directly, like this:

```go
func main() {
	router := gin.Default()
	http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router)
}
```
or

```go
func main() {
	router := gin.Default()

	s := &http.Server{
		Addr:           ":8080",
		Handler:        router,
		ReadTimeout:    10 * time.Second,
		WriteTimeout:   10 * time.Second,
		MaxHeaderBytes: 1 << 20,
	}
	s.ListenAndServe()
}
```