diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
index 5b2345d..3a27638 100644
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -12,3 +12,11 @@ updates:
     directory: "/tutorial/whatsup"
     schedule:
       interval: "monthly"
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "monthly"
+    groups:
+      github-actions:
+        patterns:
+          - "*"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/automerge-dependabot.yml b/.github/workflows/automerge-dependabot.yml
index 84220fc..fc664a8 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/automerge-dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/automerge-dependabot.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - name: Dependabot metadata
         id: metadata
-        uses: dependabot/fetch-metadata@v1
+        uses: dependabot/fetch-metadata@c9c4182bf1b97f5224aee3906fd373f6b61b4526 # v1.6.0
         with:
           github-token: "${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"
       - name: Enable auto-merge for Dependabot PRs
@@ -20,4 +20,4 @@ jobs:
         run: gh pr merge --auto --merge "$PR_URL"
         env:
           PR_URL: ${{github.event.pull_request.html_url}}
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
\ No newline at end of file
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
index 5ad71d1..c5c3585 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
+      uses: actions/checkout@ee0669bd1cc54295c223e0bb666b733df41de1c5 # v2.7.0
 
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@231aa2c8a89117b126725a0e11897209b7118144 # v1.1.39
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
         # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ jobs:
     # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
     # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@231aa2c8a89117b126725a0e11897209b7118144 # v1.1.39
 
     # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
     # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
@@ -71,4 +71,4 @@ jobs:
     #   make release
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@231aa2c8a89117b126725a0e11897209b7118144 # v1.1.39
diff --git a/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml b/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml
index babd8a0..ffa40d2 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/golangci-lint.yml
@@ -12,8 +12,14 @@ on:
       - ".golangci.yml"
   pull_request:
 
+permissions:  # added using https://github.com/step-security/secure-repo
+  contents: read
+
 jobs:
   golangci:
+    permissions:
+      contents: read  # for actions/checkout to fetch code
+      pull-requests: read  # for golangci/golangci-lint-action to fetch pull requests
     name: lint
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps: