/*
NAME
  payload.go

DESCRIPTION
  payload.go provides functionality for extracting and manipulating the payload
  data from MPEG-TS.

AUTHOR
  Saxon A. Nelson-Milton <saxon@ausocean.org>

LICENSE
  Copyright (C) 2019 the Australian Ocean Lab (AusOcean)

  It is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify them
  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
  Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
  option) any later version.

  It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
  for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with revid in gpl.txt.  If not, see [GNU licenses](http://www.gnu.org/licenses).
*/

package mts

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"sort"

	"github.com/Comcast/gots/packet"
	"github.com/Comcast/gots/pes"
)

// Extract extracts the media, PTS, stream ID and meta for an MPEG-TS clip given
// by p, and returns as a Clip. The MPEG-TS must contain only complete packets.
// The resultant data is a copy of the original.
func Extract(p []byte) (*Clip, error) {
	l := len(p)
	// Check that clip is divisible by 188, i.e. contains a series of full MPEG-TS clips.
	if l%PacketSize != 0 {
		return nil, errors.New("MTS clip is not of valid size")
	}

	var (
		frameStart  int               // Index used to indicate the start of current frame in backing slice.
		clip        = &Clip{}         // The data that will be returned.
		meta        map[string]string // Holds the most recently extracted meta.
		lenOfFrame  int               // Len of current frame.
		dataLen     int               // Len of data from MPEG-TS packet.
		curPTS      uint64            // Holds the current PTS.
		curStreamID uint8             // Holds current StreamID (shouldn't change)
		firstPUSI   = true            // Indicates that we have not yet received a PUSI.
		err         error
	)

	// This will hold a copy of all the media in the MPEG-TS clip.
	clip.backing = make([]byte, 0, l/PacketSize)

	// Go through the MPEGT-TS packets.
	var pkt packet.Packet
	for i := 0; i < l; i += PacketSize {
		// We will use comcast/gots Packet type, so copy in.
		copy(pkt[:], p[i:i+PacketSize])

		switch pkt.PID() {
		case PatPid: // Do nothing.
		case PmtPid:
			meta, err = ExtractMeta(pkt[:])
			if err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not extract meta data: %w", err)
			}
		default: // Must be media.
			// Get the MPEG-TS payload.
			payload, err := pkt.Payload()
			if err != nil {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not extract payload: %w", err)
			}

			// If PUSI is true then we know it's the start of a new frame, and we have
			// a PES header in the MTS payload.
			if pkt.PayloadUnitStartIndicator() {
				_pes, err := pes.NewPESHeader(payload)
				if err != nil {
					return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse PES: %w", err)
				}

				// Extract the PTS and ID, then add a new frame to the clip.
				curPTS = _pes.PTS()
				curStreamID = _pes.StreamId()
				clip.frames = append(clip.frames, Frame{
					PTS:  curPTS,
					ID:   curStreamID,
					Meta: meta,
				})

				// Append the data to the underlying buffer and get appended length.
				clip.backing = append(clip.backing, _pes.Data()...)
				dataLen = len(_pes.Data())

				// If we haven't hit the first PUSI, then we know we have a full frame
				// and can add this data to the frame pertaining to the finish frame.
				if !firstPUSI {
					clip.frames[len(clip.frames)-2].Media = clip.backing[frameStart:lenOfFrame]
					clip.frames[len(clip.frames)-2].idx = frameStart
					frameStart = lenOfFrame
				}
				firstPUSI = false
			} else {
				// We're not at the start of the frame, so we don't have a PES header.
				// We can append the MPEG-TS data directly to the underlying buf.
				dataLen = len(payload)
				clip.backing = append(clip.backing, payload...)
			}
			lenOfFrame += dataLen
		}
	}
	// We're finished up with media frames, so give the final Frame it's data.
	clip.frames[len(clip.frames)-1].Media = clip.backing[frameStart:lenOfFrame]
	clip.frames[len(clip.frames)-1].idx = frameStart
	return clip, nil
}

// Clip represents a clip of media, i.e. a sequence of media frames.
type Clip struct {
	frames  []Frame
	backing []byte
}

// Frame describes a media frame that may be extracted from a PES packet.
type Frame struct {
	Media []byte            // Contains the media from the frame.
	PTS   uint64            // PTS from PES packet (this gives time relative from start of stream).
	ID    uint8             // StreamID from the PES packet, identifying media codec.
	Meta  map[string]string // Contains metadata from PMT relevant to this frame.
	idx   int               // Index in the backing slice.
}

// Frames returns the frames of a h264 clip.
func (c *Clip) Frames() []Frame {
	return c.frames
}

// Bytes returns the concatentated media bytes from each frame in the Clip c.
func (c *Clip) Bytes() []byte {
	if c.backing == nil {
		panic("the clip backing array cannot be nil")
	}
	return c.backing
}

// Errors used in TrimToPTSRange.
var (
	errPTSLowerBound = errors.New("PTS 'from' cannot be found")
	errPTSUpperBound = errors.New("PTS 'to' cannot be found")
	errPTSRange      = errors.New("PTS interval invalid")
)

// TrimToPTSRange returns the sub Clip in a PTS range defined by from and to.
// The first Frame in the new Clip will be the Frame for which from corresponds
// exactly with Frame.PTS, or the Frame in which from lies within. The final
// Frame in the Clip will be the previous of that for which to coincides with,
// or the Frame that to lies within.
func (c *Clip) TrimToPTSRange(from, to uint64) (*Clip, error) {
	// First check that the interval makes sense.
	if from >= to {
		return nil, errPTSRange
	}

	// Use binary search to find 'from'.
	n := len(c.frames) - 1
	startFrameIdx := sort.Search(
		n,
		func(i int) bool {
			if from < c.frames[i+1].PTS {
				return true
			}
			return false
		},
	)
	if startFrameIdx == n {
		return nil, errPTSLowerBound
	}

	// Now get the start index for the backing slice from this Frame.
	startBackingIdx := c.frames[startFrameIdx].idx

	// Now use binary search again to find 'to'.
	off := startFrameIdx + 1
	n = n - (off)
	endFrameIdx := sort.Search(
		n,
		func(i int) bool {
			if to <= c.frames[i+off].PTS {
				return true
			}
			return false
		},
	)
	if endFrameIdx == n {
		return nil, errPTSUpperBound
	}

	// Now get the end index for the backing slice from this Frame.
	endBackingIdx := c.frames[endFrameIdx+off-1].idx

	// Now return a new clip. NB: data is not copied.
	return &Clip{
		frames:  c.frames[startFrameIdx : endFrameIdx+1],
		backing: c.backing[startBackingIdx : endBackingIdx+len(c.frames[endFrameIdx+off].Media)],
	}, nil
}

// Errors that maybe returned from TrimToMetaRange.
var (
	errMetaRange      = errors.New("invalid meta range")
	errMetaLowerBound = errors.New("meta 'from' cannot be found")
	errMetaUpperBound = errors.New("meta 'to' cannot be found")
)

// TrimToMetaRange returns a sub Clip with meta range described by from and to
// with key 'key'. The meta values must not be equivalent.
func (c *Clip) TrimToMetaRange(key, from, to string) (*Clip, error) {
	// First check that the interval makes sense.
	if from == to {
		return nil, errMetaRange
	}

	var start, end int

	// Try and find from.
	for i := 0; i < len(c.frames); i++ {
		f := c.frames[i]
		startFrameIdx := i
		if f.Meta[key] == from {
			start = f.idx

			// Now try and find to.
			for ; i < len(c.frames); i++ {
				f = c.frames[i]
				if f.Meta[key] == to {
					end = f.idx
					endFrameIdx := i
					return &Clip{
						frames:  c.frames[startFrameIdx : endFrameIdx+1],
						backing: c.backing[start : end+len(f.Media)],
					}, nil
				}
			}
			return nil, errMetaUpperBound
		}
	}
	return nil, errMetaLowerBound
}

// SegmentForMeta segments sequences of frames within c possesing meta described
// by key and val and are appended to a []Clip which is subsequently returned.
func (c *Clip) SegmentForMeta(key, val string) []Clip {
	var (
		segmenting bool   // If true we are currently in a segment corresponsing to given meta.
		res        []Clip // The resultant [][]Clip holding the segments.
		start      int    // The start index of the current segment.
	)

	// Go through frames of clip.
	for i, frame := range c.frames {
		// If there is no meta (meta = nil) and we are segmenting, then append the
		// current segment to res.
		if frame.Meta == nil {
			if segmenting {
				res = appendSegment(res, c, start, i)
				segmenting = false
			}
			continue
		}

		// If we've got the meta of interest in current frame and we're not
		// segmenting, set this i as start and set segmenting true. If we don't
		// have the meta of interest and we are segmenting then we
		// want to stop and append the segment to res.
		if frame.Meta[key] == val && !segmenting {
			start = i
			segmenting = true
		} else if frame.Meta[key] != val && segmenting {
			res = appendSegment(res, c, start, i)
			segmenting = false
		}
	}

	// We've reached the end of the entire clip so if we're segmenting we need
	// to append current segment to res.
	if segmenting {
		res = appendSegment(res, c, start, len(c.frames))
	}

	return res
}

// appendSegment is a helper function used by Clip.SegmentForMeta to append a
// clip to a []Clip.
func appendSegment(segs []Clip, c *Clip, start, end int) []Clip {
	return append(segs, Clip{
		frames:  c.frames[start:end],
		backing: c.backing[c.frames[start].idx : c.frames[end-1].idx+len(c.frames[end-1].Media)],
	},
	)
}