/*
NAME
  encoder.go

AUTHOR
  Saxon Nelson-Milton <saxon@ausocean.org>
  Dan Kortschak <dan@ausocean.org>

LICENSE
  encoder.go is Copyright (C) 2017-2018 the Australian Ocean Lab (AusOcean)

  It is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify them
  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
  Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
  option) any later version.

  It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
  for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with revid in gpl.txt. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses.
*/

package mts

import (
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"strconv"
	"time"

	"bitbucket.org/ausocean/av/codec/h264"
	"bitbucket.org/ausocean/av/codec/h264/h264dec"
	"bitbucket.org/ausocean/av/container/mts/meta"
	"bitbucket.org/ausocean/av/container/mts/pes"
	"bitbucket.org/ausocean/av/container/mts/psi"
	"bitbucket.org/ausocean/utils/logging"
	"bitbucket.org/ausocean/utils/realtime"
)

// These three constants are used to select between the three different
// methods of when the PSI is sent.
const (
	psiMethodPacket = iota // PSI is inserted after a certain number of packets.
	psiMethodTime          // PSI is inserted after a certain amount of time.
	psiMethodNAL           // PSI is inserted before each "key frame" of media.
)

// Constants used to communicate which media codec will be packetized.
const (
	EncodeH264 = iota
	EncodeH265
	EncodeJPEG
	EncodeMJPEG
	EncodePCM
	EncodeADPCM
)

// The program IDs we assign to different types of media.
const (
	PIDVideo = 256
	PIDAudio = 210
)

// Time-related constants.
const (
	// ptsOffset is the offset added to the clock to determine
	// the current presentation timestamp.
	ptsOffset = 700 * time.Millisecond

	// PCRFrequency is the base Program Clock Reference frequency in Hz.
	PCRFrequency = 90000

	// PTSFrequency is the presentation timestamp frequency in Hz.
	PTSFrequency = 90000

	// MaxPTS is the largest PTS value (i.e., for a 33-bit unsigned integer).
	MaxPTS = (1 << 33) - 1
)

// If we are not using NAL based PSI intervals then we will send PSI every 7 packets.
const psiSendCount = 7

const (
	hasPayload         = 0x1
	hasAdaptationField = 0x2
)

const (
	hasDTS = 0x1
	hasPTS = 0x2
)

// Default encoder configuration parameters.
const (
	defaultRate      = 25 // FPS
	defaultPSIMethod = psiMethodNAL
	defaultStreamID  = pes.H264SID
	defaultMediaPID  = PIDVideo
)

// Used to consistently read and write MTS metadata entries.
const (
	WriteRateKey = "writeRate"
	TimestampKey = "ts"
	LocationKey  = "loc"
)

// Meta allows addition of metadata to encoded mts from outside of this pkg.
// See meta pkg for usage.
//
// TODO: make this not global.
var Meta *meta.Data

// RealTime will help us obtain a realtime for timestamp meta encoding.
var RealTime = realtime.NewRealTime()

// Encoder encapsulates properties of an MPEG-TS generator.
type Encoder struct {
	dst io.WriteCloser

	clock       time.Duration
	lastTime    time.Time
	writePeriod time.Duration
	ptsOffset   time.Duration
	tsSpace     [PacketSize]byte
	pesSpace    [pes.MaxPesSize]byte

	continuity map[uint16]byte

	psiMethod    int
	pktCount     int
	psiSendCount int
	psiTime      time.Duration
	psiSetTime   time.Duration
	startTime    time.Time
	mediaPID     uint16
	streamID     byte

	pmt                *psi.PSI
	patBytes, pmtBytes []byte

	// log is a function that will be used through the encoder code for logging.
	log logging.Logger
}

// NewEncoder returns an Encoder with the specified media type and rate eg. if a video stream
// calls write for every frame, the rate will be the frame rate of the video.
func NewEncoder(dst io.WriteCloser, log logging.Logger, options ...func(*Encoder) error) (*Encoder, error) {
	e := &Encoder{
		dst:         dst,
		writePeriod: time.Duration(float64(time.Second) / defaultRate),
		ptsOffset:   ptsOffset,
		psiMethod:   defaultPSIMethod,
		pktCount:    8,
		mediaPID:    defaultMediaPID,
		streamID:    defaultStreamID,
		continuity:  map[uint16]byte{PatPid: 0, PmtPid: 0, defaultMediaPID: 0},
		log:         log,
		patBytes:    psi.NewPATPSI().Bytes(),
		pmt:         psi.NewPMTPSI(),
	}

	for _, option := range options {
		err := option(e)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("option failed with error: %w", err)
		}
	}
	log.Debug("encoder options applied")

	Meta.Add(WriteRateKey, fmt.Sprintf("%f", 1/float64(e.writePeriod.Seconds())))

	e.pmt.SyntaxSection.SpecificData.(*psi.PMT).StreamSpecificData.StreamType = e.streamID
	e.pmt.SyntaxSection.SpecificData.(*psi.PMT).StreamSpecificData.PID = e.mediaPID
	e.pmtBytes = e.pmt.Bytes()

	return e, nil
}

// Write implements io.Writer. Write takes raw video or audio data and encodes into MPEG-TS,
// then sending it to the encoder's io.Writer destination.
func (e *Encoder) Write(data []byte) (int, error) {
	e.log.Debug("writing data", "len(data)", len(data))
	switch e.psiMethod {
	case psiMethodPacket:
		e.log.Debug("checking packet no. conditions for PSI write", "count", e.pktCount, "PSI count", e.psiSendCount)
		if e.pktCount >= e.psiSendCount {
			e.pktCount = 0
			err := e.writePSI()
			if err != nil {
				return 0, fmt.Errorf("could not write psi (psiMethodPacket): %w",err)
			}
		}
	case psiMethodNAL:
		nalType, err := h264.NALType(data)
		if err != nil {
			return 0, fmt.Errorf("could not get type from NAL unit, failed with error: %w", err)
		}
		e.log.Debug("checking conditions for PSI write", "AU type", nalType, "needed type", h264dec.NALTypeSPS)
		if nalType == h264dec.NALTypeSPS {
			err := e.writePSI()
			if err != nil {
				return 0, fmt.Errorf("could not write psi (psiMethodNAL): %w",err)
			}
		}
	case psiMethodTime:
		dur := time.Now().Sub(e.startTime)
		e.log.Debug("checking time conditions for PSI write")
		if dur >= e.psiTime {
			e.psiTime = e.psiSetTime
			e.startTime = time.Now()
			err := e.writePSI()
			if err != nil {
				return 0, fmt.Errorf("could not write psi (psiMethodTime): %w",err)
			}
		}
	default:
		panic("undefined PSI method")
	}

	// Prepare PES data.
	pts := e.pts()
	pesPkt := pes.Packet{
		StreamID:     e.streamID,
		PDI:          hasPTS,
		PTS:          pts,
		Data:         data,
		HeaderLength: 5,
	}

	buf := pesPkt.Bytes(e.pesSpace[:pes.MaxPesSize])

	pusi := true
	for len(buf) != 0 {
		pkt := Packet{
			PUSI: pusi,
			PID:  uint16(e.mediaPID),
			RAI:  pusi,
			CC:   e.ccFor(e.mediaPID),
			AFC:  hasAdaptationField | hasPayload,
			PCRF: pusi,
		}
		n := pkt.FillPayload(buf)
		buf = buf[n:]

		if pusi {
			// If the packet has a Payload Unit Start Indicator
			// flag set then we need to write a PCR.
			pcr := e.pcr()
			e.log.Debug("new access unit", "PCR", pcr, "PTS", pts)
			pkt.PCR = pcr
			pusi = false
		}

		b := pkt.Bytes(e.tsSpace[:PacketSize])
		e.log.Debug("writing MTS packet to destination", "size", len(b), "pusi", pusi, "PID", pkt.PID, "PTS", pts, "PCR", pkt.PCR)
		_, err := e.dst.Write(b)
		if err != nil {
			return len(data), fmt.Errorf("could not write MTS packet to destination: %w",err)
		}
		e.pktCount++
	}

	e.tick()

	return len(data), nil
}

// writePSI creates MPEG-TS with pat and pmt tables - with pmt table having updated
// location and time data.
func (e *Encoder) writePSI() error {
	// Write PAT.
	patPkt := Packet{
		PUSI:    true,
		PID:     PatPid,
		CC:      e.ccFor(PatPid),
		AFC:     hasPayload,
		Payload: psi.AddPadding(e.patBytes),
	}
	_, err := e.dst.Write(patPkt.Bytes(e.tsSpace[:PacketSize]))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not write pat packet: %w",err)
	}
	e.pktCount++

	e.pmtBytes, err = updateMeta(e.pmtBytes, e.log)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not update pmt metadata: %w",err)
	}

	// Create mts packet from pmt table.
	pmtPkt := Packet{
		PUSI:    true,
		PID:     PmtPid,
		CC:      e.ccFor(PmtPid),
		AFC:     hasPayload,
		Payload: psi.AddPadding(e.pmtBytes),
	}
	_, err = e.dst.Write(pmtPkt.Bytes(e.tsSpace[:PacketSize]))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not write pmt packet: %w",err)
	}
	e.pktCount++

	e.log.Debug("PSI written", "PAT CC", patPkt.CC, "PMT CC", pmtPkt.CC)
	return nil
}

// tick advances the clock one frame interval.
func (e *Encoder) tick() {
	e.clock += e.writePeriod
}

// pts retuns the current presentation timestamp.
func (e *Encoder) pts() uint64 {
	return uint64((e.clock + e.ptsOffset).Seconds() * PTSFrequency)
}

// pcr returns the current program clock reference.
func (e *Encoder) pcr() uint64 {
	return uint64(e.clock.Seconds() * PCRFrequency)
}

// ccFor returns the next continuity counter for pid.
func (e *Encoder) ccFor(pid uint16) byte {
	cc := e.continuity[pid]
	const continuityCounterMask = 0xf
	e.continuity[pid] = (cc + 1) & continuityCounterMask
	return cc
}

// updateMeta adds/updates a metaData descriptor in the given psi bytes using data
// contained in the global Meta struct.
func updateMeta(b []byte, log logging.Logger) ([]byte, error) {
	p := psi.PSIBytes(b)
	if RealTime.IsSet() {
		t := strconv.Itoa(int(RealTime.Get().Unix()))
		Meta.Add(TimestampKey, t)
		log.Debug("latest time added to meta", "time", t)
	}
	err := p.AddDescriptor(psi.MetadataTag, Meta.Encode())
	return []byte(p), err
}

func (e *Encoder) Close() error {
	e.log.Debug("closing encoder")
	return e.dst.Close()
}