/*
NAME
  pcm.go

DESCRIPTION
  pcm.go contains functions for processing pcm.

AUTHOR
  Trek Hopton <trek@ausocean.org>

LICENSE
  pcm.go is Copyright (C) 2019 the Australian Ocean Lab (AusOcean)

  It is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify them
  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
  Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your
  option) any later version.

  It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
  for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License in gpl.txt.
  If not, see [GNU licenses](http://www.gnu.org/licenses).
*/

// Package pcm provides functions for processing and converting pcm audio.
package pcm

import (
	"encoding/binary"
	"fmt"

	"github.com/pkg/errors"
)

// SampleFormat is the format that a PCM Clip's samples can be in.
type SampleFormat int

// Used to represent an unknown format.
const (
	Unknown SampleFormat = -1
)

// Sample formats that we use.
const (
	S16_LE SampleFormat = iota
	S32_LE
	// There are many more:
	// https://linux.die.net/man/1/arecord
	// https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/audio%20types
)

// ClipFormat contains the format for a PCM Clip.
type ClipFormat struct {
	SFormat  SampleFormat
	Rate     int
	Channels int
}

// Clip contains a clip of PCM data and the format that it is in.
type Clip struct {
	Format ClipFormat
	Data   []byte
}

// Resample takes Clip c and resamples the pcm audio data to 'rate' Hz and returns a Clip with the resampled data.
// Notes:
// 	- Currently only downsampling is implemented and c's rate must be divisible by 'rate' or an error will occur.
// 	- If the number of bytes in c.Data is not divisible by the decimation factor (ratioFrom), the remaining bytes will
// 	  not be included in the result. Eg. input of length 480002 downsampling 6:1 will result in output length 80000.
func Resample(c Clip, rate int) (Clip, error) {
	if c.Format.Rate == rate {
		return c, nil
	}
	if c.Format.Rate < 0 {
		return Clip{}, fmt.Errorf("Unable to convert from: %v Hz", c.Format.Rate)
	}
	if rate < 0 {
		return Clip{}, fmt.Errorf("Unable to convert to: %v Hz", rate)
	}

	// The number of bytes in a sample.
	var sampleLen int
	switch c.Format.SFormat {
	case S32_LE:
		sampleLen = 4 * c.Format.Channels
	case S16_LE:
		sampleLen = 2 * c.Format.Channels
	default:
		return Clip{}, fmt.Errorf("Unhandled ALSA format: %v", c.Format.SFormat)
	}
	inPcmLen := len(c.Data)

	// Calculate sample rate ratio ratioFrom:ratioTo.
	rateGcd := gcd(rate, c.Format.Rate)
	ratioFrom := c.Format.Rate / rateGcd
	ratioTo := rate / rateGcd

	// ratioTo = 1 is the only number that will result in an even sampling.
	if ratioTo != 1 {
		return Clip{}, fmt.Errorf("unhandled from:to rate ratio %v:%v: 'to' must be 1", ratioFrom, ratioTo)
	}

	newLen := inPcmLen / ratioFrom
	resampled := make([]byte, 0, newLen)

	// For each new sample to be generated, loop through the respective 'ratioFrom' samples in 'c.Data' to add them
	// up and average them. The result is the new sample.
	bAvg := make([]byte, sampleLen)
	for i := 0; i < newLen/sampleLen; i++ {
		var sum int
		for j := 0; j < ratioFrom; j++ {
			switch c.Format.SFormat {
			case S32_LE:
				sum += int(int32(binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(c.Data[(i*ratioFrom*sampleLen)+(j*sampleLen) : (i*ratioFrom*sampleLen)+((j+1)*sampleLen)])))
			case S16_LE:
				sum += int(int16(binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(c.Data[(i*ratioFrom*sampleLen)+(j*sampleLen) : (i*ratioFrom*sampleLen)+((j+1)*sampleLen)])))
			}
		}
		avg := sum / ratioFrom
		switch c.Format.SFormat {
		case S32_LE:
			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(bAvg, uint32(avg))
		case S16_LE:
			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(bAvg, uint16(avg))
		}
		resampled = append(resampled, bAvg...)
	}

	// Return a new Clip with resampled data.
	return Clip{
		Format: ClipFormat{
			Channels: c.Format.Channels,
			SFormat:  c.Format.SFormat,
			Rate:     rate,
		},
		Data: resampled,
	}, nil
}

// StereoToMono returns raw mono audio data generated from only the left channel from
// the given stereo Clip
func StereoToMono(c Clip) (Clip, error) {
	if c.Format.Channels == 1 {
		return c, nil
	}
	if c.Format.Channels != 2 {
		return Clip{}, fmt.Errorf("Audio is not stereo or mono, it has %v channels", c.Format.Channels)
	}

	var stereoSampleBytes int
	switch c.Format.SFormat {
	case S32_LE:
		stereoSampleBytes = 8
	case S16_LE:
		stereoSampleBytes = 4
	default:
		return Clip{}, fmt.Errorf("Unhandled sample format %v", c.Format.SFormat)
	}

	recLength := len(c.Data)
	mono := make([]byte, recLength/2)

	// Convert to mono: for each byte in the stereo recording, if it's in the first half of a stereo sample
	// (left channel), add it to the new mono audio data.
	var inc int
	for i := 0; i < recLength; i++ {
		if i%stereoSampleBytes < stereoSampleBytes/2 {
			mono[inc] = c.Data[i]
			inc++
		}
	}

	// Return a new Clip with resampled data.
	return Clip{
		Format: ClipFormat{
			Channels: 1,
			SFormat:  c.Format.SFormat,
			Rate:     c.Format.Rate,
		},
		Data: mono,
	}, nil
}

// gcd is used for calculating the greatest common divisor of two positive integers, a and b.
// assumes given a and b are positive.
func gcd(a, b int) int {
	for b != 0 {
		a, b = b, a%b
	}
	return a
}

// String returns the string representation of a SampleFormat.
func (f SampleFormat) String() string {
	switch f {
	case S16_LE:
		return "S16_LE"
	case S32_LE:
		return "S32_LE"
	default:
		return "Unknown"
	}
}

// SFFromString takes a string representing a sample format and returns the corresponding SampleFormat.
func SFFromString(s string) (SampleFormat, error) {
	switch s {
	case "S16_LE":
		return S16_LE, nil
	case "S32_LE":
		return S32_LE, nil
	default:
		return Unknown, errors.Errorf("unknown sample format (%s)", s)
	}
}